2013年12月25日 星期三

十二月二十日筆記

Skimming
It means to run your eyes very quickly over a text, without reading every word.

Grammar
X: the book talks about...
V: the book is about...

Collocations
Learning common collocations will help you use words the way native English speakers do.For exemple, native speaker say do business, not make business.

Prefix
auto: self                                           pri: major
automobile, autograph, automatic    prime, primacy, primate

multi: many
multinational, multiracial, multilingual

Suffix
log: speak, word
catalog, dialog, monologue

Root
graph: write, writing                         mob: move
telegraph, photograph, paragraph    mobile, automobile, mobility

nov: new
november, novel, novice

hook on the phone
flip the channel
mechanical pencil
spiral notebook
binder clip
mindset: attitude
thrive: to live, survive

Punchuation rule
Right: book name
Wrong: John

Words of the day
12/20
1.emulate  [v.]   /ˈɛmjʊleɪt/
definition: match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically
by imitation
origin: late 16th century: from Latin aemulat- 'rivalled, equalled',
from the verb aemulari, from aemulus 'rival'
sentence: Most rulers wished to emulate Alexander the Great.
part of speech: emulation  [n.]  emulative  [adj.]  
                          emulator  [n.]

2.effectual  [adj.]   /ɪˈfɛktʃʊəl/
definition: (of something inanimate or abstract) successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin effectualis, from
Latin effectus
sentence: Tobacco smoke is the most effectual protection against
the midge.
part of speech: effectuality  [n.]  effectually  [adv.] 
                          effectualness  [n.]

3.intermittently  [adv.]  /ˌɪntərˈmɪtəntli/
definition: occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin intermittent- 'ceasing', from
the verb intermittere
sentence: Protests continued intermittently throughout November.
part of speech: intermittence  [n.]  intermittency  [n.]

4.luminous  [adj.]   /ˈluːmɪnəs/
definition: giving off light; bright or shining
origin: late Middle English: from Old French lumineux or Latin
luminosus, from lumen, lumin- 'light'
sentence: The luminous dial on his watch.
part of speech: luminously  [adv.]  luminousness  [n.]

5.despicable  [adj.]   /dɪˈspɪkəb(ə)l/
definition: deserving hatred and contempt
origin: mid 16th century: from late Latin despicabilis, from
despicari 'look down on'
sentence: I hate you! You're despicable.
part of speech: despicably  [adv.]

12/23
1.fluctuate  [v.]   /ˈflʌktʃʊeɪt/
definition: rise and fall irregularly in number or amount
origin: mid 17th century (earlier (late Middle English) as
fluctuation): from Latin fluctuat- 'undulated', from the verb
fluctuare, from fluctus 'flow, current, wave', from fluere 'to flow'
sentence: Trade with other countries tends to fluctuate from year to year.
part of speech: fluctuant  [adj.]  fluctuation  [n.]

2.rind  [v.]   /rʌɪnd/
definition: strip the bark from (a tree) 
origin: Old English rind(e) 'bark of a tree'; related to Dutch run and
German Rinde, of unknown origin
sentence: When the meat ran out they had to rind trees and chew
the inner bark for nourishment.
part of speech: rinded  [adj.]  rindless  [adj.] 

3.fraternal  [adj.]   /frəˈtəːn(ə)l/  
definition: of or like a brother or brothers
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin fraternalis, from
Latin fraternus, from frater 'brother'
sentence: His lack of fraternal feeling shocked me.
part of speech: fraternalism  [n.]  fraternally  [adv.] 

4.dishevelled  [adj.]   /dɪˈʃɛv(ə)ld/
definition: (of a person’s hair, clothes, or appearance) untidy;
disordered
origin: late Middle English: from obsolete dishevely, from Old
French deschevele, past participle of descheveler (based on chevel 'hair', from Latin capillus). The original sense was 'having the hair
uncovered'; later, referring to the hair itself, 'hanging loose', hence
'disordered, untidy'. Compare with unkempt
sentence: He looked tired and dishevelled.
part of speech: dishevelment  [n.]

5.incredulous  [adj.]   /ɪnˈkrɛdjʊləs/
definition: (of a person or their manner) unwilling or unable to
believe something
origin: 16th century: from Latin incredulus (from in- 'not' +
credulus 'believing, trusting', from credere 'believe') + -ous
sentence: ‘Here?’ said Kate, incredulous.
part of speech: incredulously  [adv.]  incredulousness  [n.]

12/24
1.insolent  [adj.]   /ˈɪns(ə)l(ə)nt/
definition: showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
origin: late Middle English (also in the sense 'extravagant, going
beyond acceptable limits'): from Latin insolent- 'immoderate, unaccustomed, arrogant', from in- 'not' + solent- 'being accustomed' (from the verb solere)
sentence: She hated the insolent tone of his voice.
part of speech: insolently  [adv.]

2.peremptory  [adj.]   /pəˈrɛm(p)t(ə)ri/
definition: insisting on immediate attention or obedience, especially in a brusquely imperious way
origin: late Middle English (as a legal term): via Anglo-Norman
French from Latin peremptorius 'deadly, decisive', from perempt- 'destroyed, cut off', from the verb perimere, from per- 'completely' + emere 'take, buy'
sentence: ‘Just do it!’ came the peremptory reply.
part of speech: peremptorily  [adv.]  peremptoriness  [n.]

3.poignant  [adj.]   /ˈpɔɪnjənt/
definition: evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, literally 'pricking', present participle of poindre, from Latin pungere 'to prick'
sentence: Her face was a poignant reminder of the passing of time.
part of speech: poignantly   [adv.]  poignancy  [n.]

4.abrupt  [adj.]   /əˈbrʌpt/
definition: sudden and unexpected
origin: late 16th century: from Latin abruptus 'broken off, steep',
past participle of abrumpere, from ab- 'away, from' + rumpere 'break'
sentence: The match came to an abrupt end.
part of speech: abruptly  [adv.]  abruptness  [n.]

5.brisk  [v.]   /brɪsk/
definition: quicken something
origin: late 16th century: probably from French brusque
sentence: Mary brisked up her pace.
part of speech: brisken  [v.]  briskly  [adv.]  briskness  [n.]

12/25
1.prodigal  [adj.]   /ˈprɒdɪg(ə)l/
definition: having or giving something on a lavish scale
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin prodigalis, from Latin
prodigus 'lavish'
sentence: The dessert was prodigal with whipped cream.
part of speech: prodigality  [n.]  prodigally  [adv.]

2.glitter  [v.]   /ˈglɪtə/
definition: shine with a bright, shimmering reflected light
origin: late Middle English: from Old Norse glitra
sentence: The grass glittered with dew.
part of speech: glittery  [adj.]

3.gravel  [v.]   /ˈgrav(ə)l/
definition: make (someone) angry or annoyed
origin: Middle English: from Old French, diminutive of grave
sentence: The strike was badly organized and it gravelled him to
involve himself in it.
part of speech: gravelly  [adv.]

4.smoulder  [v.]   /ˈsməʊldə/
definition: burn slowly with smoke but no flame
origin: late Middle English: related to Dutch smeulen
sentence: The bonfire still smouldered, the smoke drifting over the
paddock.
part of speech: smoulderingly  [adv.]

5.malevolent  [adj.]   /məˈlɛv(ə)l(ə)nt/
definition: having or showing a wish to do evil to others
origin: early 16th century: from Latin malevolent- 'wishing evil', from male 'ill' + volent- 'wishing' (from the verb velle)
sentence: He declined to discuss any measures to protect the
president from a malevolent ghost.
part of speech: malevolently  [adv.]






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