1. The hook
2. The General Topic and Main Idea
3. The Main Points that Support the Main Idea
4. Supporting Examples and Details
5. The Conclusion
Questions For Catching Main Points
1. What is that?
2. What is that for?
3. Why should we care?
A Checking List For Learning Words
1. I can use the word in a sentence.
2. I know one meaning of the word.
3. I know more than one meaning of the word.
4. I know how to pronounce the word.
Ways to express appreciation
1. I would like to express my appreciation to......
2. I want to extend a special thanks to......
3. I would like to thank...... (for)......
4. A special thanks goes to......
Root
man: hand
manual, manipulate, manicure
sub: under
subject, subway, suburban
Vocabulary
earworms: catchy tunes
stuck (in): unable to move or to be moved
catchy: repetitive
infect: to make somebody share a particular feeling
Idiom
get rid of: to be free of somebody/something that has been annoying you or that you do not want
She wanted to get rid of her parents and their authority.
Preposition
on the radio/an iPod/television/telephones
in a movie/elevators/offices
Song
Andy Williams: Moon river
http://www.stlyrics.com/songs/a/andywilliams244/moonriver295169.html
Poem
Marianne Moore: imaginary gardens with real roads in them
http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/poetry/
Words of the day
3/7
1. transparent [adj.] /tranˈspar(ə)nt/
definition: (Of a material or article) allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from medieval Latin transparent- 'shining through', from Latin transparere, from trans- 'through' + parere 'appear'.
sentence: They were made of a transparent material that allowed the warriors to see inside.
part of speech: transparently [adv.]
2. reform [v.] /rɪˈfɔːm/
definition: Make changes in (something, especially an institution or practice) in order to improve it
origin: Middle English (as a verb in the senses 'restore (peace)' and 'bring back to the original condition'): from Old French reformer or Latin reformare, from re- 'back' + formare 'to form, shape'. The noun dates from the mid 17th century.
sentence: The Bill will reform the tax system.
part of speech: reformable [adj.] reformative [adj.] reformer [n.]
3. report [v.] /rɪˈpɔːt/
definition: Give a spoken or written account of something that one has observed, heard, done, or investigated
origin: late Middle English: from Old French reporter (verb), report (noun), from Latin reportare 'bring back', from re- 'back' + portare 'carry'. The sense 'give an account' gave rise to 'submit a formal report', hence 'inform an authority of one's presence' (sense 2 of the verb, mid 19th century) and 'be accountable to a superior' (sense 3 of the verb, late 19th century).
sentence: The minister reported a decline in milk production.
part of speech: reportable [adj.]
4. quadruple [v.] /ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)l/
definition: Consisting of four parts or elements
origin: late Middle English (as a verb): via French from Latin quadruplus, from quadru- 'four' + -plus as in duplus
sentence: He also has overcome bladder cancer and a quadruple bypass on his heart.
part of speech: quadruplicity [n.] quadruply [adv.]
5. rally [v.] /ˈrali/
definition: (Of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'bring together again'): from French rallier, from re- 'again' + allier 'to ally'.
sentence: He lost half of his new fleet; but his troops rallied and in turn defeated the rebels.
part of speech: rallier [n.] rallyist [n.]
3/10
1. stumble [v.] /ˈstʌmb(ə)l/
definition: Trip or momentarily lose one’s balance; almost fall
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old Norse, from the Germanic base of stammer.
sentence: Her foot caught in the rug and she stumbled.
part of speech: stumbler [n.] stumbling [adj.] stumblingly [adv.]
2. deride [v.] /dɪˈrʌɪd/
definition: Express contempt for; ridicule
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin deridere 'scoff at'.
sentence: The decision was derided by environmentalists.
part of speech: derider [n.]
3. infertile [adj.] /ɪnˈfəːtʌɪl/
definition: (Of a person, animal, or plant) unable to reproduce itself; unable to have young
origin: late 16th century: from French, or from late Latin infertilis, from in- 'not' + fertilis (see fertile).
sentence: Infertile couples are offered specialist advice.
part of speech: infertility [n.]
4. beset [v.] /bɪˈsɛt/
definition: (Of a problem or difficulty) trouble (someone or something) persistently
origin: Old English besettan, from be- 'about' + settan
sentence: She was beset with self-doubt.
phrases: besetting sin: A fault to which a person or institution is especially prone
5. linger [v.] /ˈlɪŋgə/
definition: Stay in a place longer than necessary because of a reluctance to leave
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'dwell, abide'): frequentative of obsolete leng 'prolong', of Germanic origin; related to German längen 'make long(er)', also to long.
sentence: She lingered in the yard, enjoying the warm sunshine.
part of speech: lingerer [n.]
1. thwart [v.] /θwɔːt/
definition: Prevent (someone) from accomplishing something
origin: Middle English thwerte, from the adjective thwert 'perverse, obstinate, adverse', from Old Norse thvert, neuter of thverr 'transverse', from an Indo-European root shared by Latin torquere 'to twist'.
sentence: He never did anything to thwart his father.
2. stigma [n.] /ˈstɪgmə/
definition: A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person
origin: late 16th century (denoting a mark made by pricking or branding): via Latin from Greek stigma 'a mark made by a pointed instrument, a dot'
sentence: The aim is to remove the social stigma attached to the disease.
3. tout [v.] /taʊt /
definition: Attempt to sell (something), typically by a direct or persistent approach
origin: Middle English tute 'look out', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch tuit 'spout, nozzle'. Later senses were 'watch, spy on' (late 17th century) and 'solicit custom' (mid 18th century). The noun was first recorded (early 18th century) in the slang use 'thieves' lookout'.
sentence: Sanjay was touting his wares.
part of speech: touter [n.]
4. discreet [adj.] /dɪˈskriːt/
definition: Careful and prudent in one’s speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment
origin: Middle English: from Old French discret, from Latin discretus 'separate', past participle of discernere 'discern', the sense arising from late Latin discretio (see discretion).
sentence: We made some discreet inquiries.
part of speech: discreetly [adv.] discreetness [n.]
5. perforate [v.] /ˈpəːfəreɪt/
definition: Pierce and make a hole or holes in
origin: late Middle English (as an adjective): from Latin perforat- 'pierced through', from the verb perforare, from per- 'through' + forare 'pierce'.
sentence: Its buildings are wooden huts perforated by bullet holes.
part of speech: perforator [n.]
3/12
1. poignant [adj.] /ˈpɔɪnjənt/
definition: Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, literally 'pricking', present participle of poindre, from Latin pungere 'to prick'.
sentence: The play follows the story of one man's fight to save his land, combining poignant drama with a sense of humour.
part of speech: poignantly [adv.]
2. hostile [adj.] /ˈhɒstʌɪl/
definition: Showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly
origin: late 16th century: from French, or from Latin hostilis, from hostis 'stranger, enemy'.
sentence: He wrote a ferociously hostile attack.
part of speech: hostilely [adv.]
3. brilliant [adj.] /ˈbrɪlj(ə)nt/
definition: Exceptionally clever or talented
origin: late 17th century: from French brillant 'shining', present participle of briller, from Italian brillare, probably from Latin beryllus
sentence: The young Lord Burlington was brilliant and precocious.
part of speech: brilliantly [adv.]
4. decent [adj.] /ˈdiːs(ə)nt/
definition: Conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behaviour
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'suitable, appropriate'): from Latin decent- 'being fitting', from the verb decere.
sentence: We should be here in the House to establish decent standards of behaviour in our society.
part of speech: decently [adv.]
5. fond [adj.] /fɒnd/
definition: (fond of) Having an affection or liking for
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'infatuated, foolish'): from obsolete fon 'a fool, be foolish', of unknown origin. Compare with fun.
sentence: He was not too fond of dancing.
part of speech: fondly [adv.]
3/13
1. integrate [v.] /ˈɪntɪgreɪt/
definition: Combine (one thing) with another to form a whole
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin integrat- 'made whole', from the verb integrare, from integer 'whole' (see integer).
sentence: A fully equipped laboratory is being integrated into the development.
part of speech: integrability [n.] integrable [adj.] integrative [adj.]
2. bait [n.] /beɪt/
definition: Food placed on a hook or in a net, trap, or fishing area to entice fish or other animals as prey
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse beit 'pasture, food', beita 'to hunt or chase'.
sentence: Quickly and happily, I went back to the truck to grab my fishing rod and some bait.
part of speech: baiter [n.]
phrases: fish or cut bait: informal Stop vacillating and decide to act on or disengage from something
rise to the bait: React to a provocation or temptation exactly as intended
3. smash [v.] /smaʃ/
definition: Violently break (something) into pieces
origin: early 18th century (as a noun): probably imitative, representing a blend of words such as smack, smite with bash, mash, etc..
sentence: The thief smashed a window to get into the car.
phrases: go to smash: dated Be ruined or destroyed
4. venerate [v.] /ˈvɛnəreɪt/
definition: Regard with great respect; revere
origin: early 17th century (earlier (Middle English) as veneration): from Latin venerat- 'adored, revered', from the verb venerari.
sentence: Big corporations tend to treat venerated logos with deep respect.
part of speech: venerator [n.]
5. intimidate [v.] /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/
definition: Frighten or overawe (someone), especially in order to make them do what one wants
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin intimidat- 'made timid', from the verb intimidare (based on timidus 'timid').
sentence: The running dogs of the masculinist oppressors will never intimidate me!
part of speech: intimidatingly [adv.] intimidator [n.] intimidatory [adj.]
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