Define Unit title first, and describe the details in the picture beneath
(ex. locating the item). Then, go on to the title of the chapter. If there is a yes/no question, you should try to answer it by reading the article in the chapter. The article can help you get the main point in the Unit.
Understanding Implied Main Ideas
1. Pay attention to any questions the author asks in the beginning of the reading.
2. As soon as you finish a reading, write a one-sentence summary of the reading.
3. Look at the most repetitive word in the section.
Idiom
At the top of one's lungs: Very loudly; as loudly as (vocally) possible.
He started screaming at the top of his lungs after his team scored.
Phrase
Clear one's throat: Cough slightly so as to speak more clearly, attract attention, or to express hesitancy before saying something awkward.
Cross cleared his throat and spoke in low, polite tones.
Grammar
no one, everyone: need to be in the third person singular
Phrasal Verbs
bend over/bend down: move a part of your body so that it is not straight or so that you are not standing upright anymore
She bent down/bend over and yanked out the flex.
lose track of: stop paying attention to someone or something so you do not know where he/she/it is or what is happening
She had lost all track of time and had fallen asleep.
go away: leave a place or a person
I hope the rain goes away soon.
bring up: take care of and influence a child until he/she is grown up
Since Rebecca's death, her son Jordan has been brought up by her mother and sisters.
figure out: think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened
He was trying to figure out why the camera wasn’t working.
pass (something) on: tell someone else a piece of information that someone has told you
I passed the information on to my brother who is looking for work.
Novel
J.D.Salinger: The Catcher in the Rye
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/
E.M.Forster: A Room with a View
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/room/
Words of the day
3/14
1. coalition [n.] /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃ(ə)n/
definition: A temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'fusion'): from medieval Latin coalitio(n-), from the verb coalescere (see coalesce). Usage in politics dates from the late 18th century.
sentence: They had a taste of government in coalition with the Social Democrats.
part of speech: coalitionist [n.]
2. deport [v.] /dɪˈpɔːt/
definition: Expel (a foreigner) from a country, typically on the grounds of illegal status or for having committed a crime
origin: late 16th century (in sense 2): from French déporter, from Latin deportare, from de- 'away' + portare 'carry'.
sentence: He was deported for violation of immigration laws.
part of speech: deportable [adj.]
3. mimic [v.] /ˈmɪmɪk/
definition: Imitate (someone or their actions or words), especially in order to entertain or ridicule
origin: late 16th century (as noun and adjective): via Latin from Greek mimikos, from mimos 'mime'.
sentence: She mimicked Eileen’s pedantic voice.
part of speech: mimicker [n.]
4. sly [adj.] /slʌɪ/
definition: Having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature
origin: Middle English (also in the sense 'dexterous'): from Old Norse slœgr 'cunning', originally 'able to strike' from the verb slá; compare with sleight.
sentence: She was a rather cunning and sly teenager by nature, accented by her narrow brown eyes and usual smirk.
part of speech: slyly [adv.] slyness [n.]
phrases: on the sly: In a secretive fashion
5. prejudice [n.] /ˈprɛdʒʊdɪs/
definition: Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
origin: Middle English (in sense 2 of the noun): from Old French, from Latin praejudicium, from prae 'in advance' + judicium 'judgement'.
sentence: As a straight woman with my own prejudices and preconceptions, I fall somewhere in between.
phrases: with prejudice: Law Extinguishing any right to pursue a claim in another suit
without prejudice: Law Without detriment to any existing right or claim
3/17
1. appease [v.] /əˈpiːz /
definition: Pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands
origin: Middle English: from Old French apaisier, from a- (from Latin ad 'to, at') + pais 'peace'.
sentence: I sometimes had to resort to printing out stories from the online edition of my local paper to appease her.
part of speech: appeaser [n.]
2. hoarse [adj.] /hɔːs/
definition: (Of a person’s voice) sounding rough and harsh, typically as the result of a sore throat or of shouting
origin: Old English hās, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hees. The spelling with r was influenced in Middle English by an Old Norse cognate.
sentence: My voice is hoarse and croaky, my hands hurt and I'm still shaking!
part of speech: hoarsely [adv.] hoarsen [v.] hoarseness [n.]
3. procedure [n.] /prəˈsiːdʒə/
definition: An established or official way of doing something
origin: late 16th century: from French procédure, from procéder
sentence: The police are now reviewing procedures.
part of speech: procedural [adj.] procedurally [adv.]
4. wield [v.] /wiːld/
definition: Hold and use (a weapon or tool)
origin: Old English wealdan, wieldan 'govern, subdue, direct', of Germanic origin; related to German walten.
sentence: A masked raider wielding a handgun.
part of speech: wielder [n.]
5. grant [v.] /grɑːnt/
definition: Agree to give or allow (something requested) to
origin: Middle English: from Old French granter 'consent to support', variant of creanter 'to guarantee', based on Latin credere 'entrust'.
sentence: They were granted a meeting.
part of speech: grantable [adj.] granter [n.]
3/18
1. blade [n.] /bleɪd/
definition: The flat cutting edge of a knife, saw, or other tool or weapon
origin: Old English blæd 'leaf of a plant' of Germanic origin; related to Dutch blad and German Blatt.
sentence: Lay the clove on a cutting board and smash it with the flat of a knife blade.
part of speech: bladed [adj.] blader [n.]
2. absence [n.] /ˈabs(ə)ns/
definition: The state of being away from a place or person
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin absentia, from absens, absent-
sentence: The letter had arrived during his absence.
phrase: absence makes the heart grow fonder: You feel more affection for those you love when parted from them.
3. inflict [v.] /ɪnˈflɪkt/
definition: Cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'afflict, trouble'): from Latin inflict- 'struck against', from the verb infligere, from in- 'into' + fligere 'to strike'.
sentence: They inflicted serious injuries on three other men.
part of speech: inflicter [n.]
4. alter [v.] /ˈɔːltə/
definition: Change in character or composition, typically in a comparatively small but significant way
origin: late Middle English: from Old French alterer, from late Latin alterare, from Latin alter 'other'.
sentence: The English ruling class was wiped out and the character of the nation altered forever.
part of speech: alterable [adj.]
5. amuse [v.] /əˈmjuːz/
definition: Cause (someone) to find something funny
origin: late 15th century (in the sense 'delude, deceive'): from Old French amuser 'entertain, deceive', from a- (expressing causal effect) + muser 'stare stupidly'. Current senses date from the mid 17th century.
sentence: He made faces to amuse her.
part of speech: amusedly [adv.]
1. coalition [n.] /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃ(ə)n/
definition: A temporary alliance for combined action, especially of political parties forming a government
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'fusion'): from medieval Latin coalitio(n-), from the verb coalescere (see coalesce). Usage in politics dates from the late 18th century.
sentence: They had a taste of government in coalition with the Social Democrats.
part of speech: coalitionist [n.]
2. deport [v.] /dɪˈpɔːt/
definition: Expel (a foreigner) from a country, typically on the grounds of illegal status or for having committed a crime
origin: late 16th century (in sense 2): from French déporter, from Latin deportare, from de- 'away' + portare 'carry'.
sentence: He was deported for violation of immigration laws.
part of speech: deportable [adj.]
3. mimic [v.] /ˈmɪmɪk/
definition: Imitate (someone or their actions or words), especially in order to entertain or ridicule
origin: late 16th century (as noun and adjective): via Latin from Greek mimikos, from mimos 'mime'.
sentence: She mimicked Eileen’s pedantic voice.
part of speech: mimicker [n.]
4. sly [adj.] /slʌɪ/
definition: Having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature
origin: Middle English (also in the sense 'dexterous'): from Old Norse slœgr 'cunning', originally 'able to strike' from the verb slá; compare with sleight.
sentence: She was a rather cunning and sly teenager by nature, accented by her narrow brown eyes and usual smirk.
part of speech: slyly [adv.] slyness [n.]
phrases: on the sly: In a secretive fashion
5. prejudice [n.] /ˈprɛdʒʊdɪs/
definition: Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
origin: Middle English (in sense 2 of the noun): from Old French, from Latin praejudicium, from prae 'in advance' + judicium 'judgement'.
sentence: As a straight woman with my own prejudices and preconceptions, I fall somewhere in between.
phrases: with prejudice: Law Extinguishing any right to pursue a claim in another suit
without prejudice: Law Without detriment to any existing right or claim
3/17
1. appease [v.] /əˈpiːz /
definition: Pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands
origin: Middle English: from Old French apaisier, from a- (from Latin ad 'to, at') + pais 'peace'.
sentence: I sometimes had to resort to printing out stories from the online edition of my local paper to appease her.
part of speech: appeaser [n.]
2. hoarse [adj.] /hɔːs/
definition: (Of a person’s voice) sounding rough and harsh, typically as the result of a sore throat or of shouting
origin: Old English hās, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch hees. The spelling with r was influenced in Middle English by an Old Norse cognate.
sentence: My voice is hoarse and croaky, my hands hurt and I'm still shaking!
part of speech: hoarsely [adv.] hoarsen [v.] hoarseness [n.]
3. procedure [n.] /prəˈsiːdʒə/
definition: An established or official way of doing something
origin: late 16th century: from French procédure, from procéder
sentence: The police are now reviewing procedures.
part of speech: procedural [adj.] procedurally [adv.]
4. wield [v.] /wiːld/
definition: Hold and use (a weapon or tool)
origin: Old English wealdan, wieldan 'govern, subdue, direct', of Germanic origin; related to German walten.
sentence: A masked raider wielding a handgun.
part of speech: wielder [n.]
5. grant [v.] /grɑːnt/
definition: Agree to give or allow (something requested) to
origin: Middle English: from Old French granter 'consent to support', variant of creanter 'to guarantee', based on Latin credere 'entrust'.
sentence: They were granted a meeting.
part of speech: grantable [adj.] granter [n.]
3/18
1. blade [n.] /bleɪd/
definition: The flat cutting edge of a knife, saw, or other tool or weapon
origin: Old English blæd 'leaf of a plant' of Germanic origin; related to Dutch blad and German Blatt.
sentence: Lay the clove on a cutting board and smash it with the flat of a knife blade.
part of speech: bladed [adj.] blader [n.]
2. absence [n.] /ˈabs(ə)ns/
definition: The state of being away from a place or person
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin absentia, from absens, absent-
sentence: The letter had arrived during his absence.
phrase: absence makes the heart grow fonder: You feel more affection for those you love when parted from them.
3. inflict [v.] /ɪnˈflɪkt/
definition: Cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'afflict, trouble'): from Latin inflict- 'struck against', from the verb infligere, from in- 'into' + fligere 'to strike'.
sentence: They inflicted serious injuries on three other men.
part of speech: inflicter [n.]
4. alter [v.] /ˈɔːltə/
definition: Change in character or composition, typically in a comparatively small but significant way
origin: late Middle English: from Old French alterer, from late Latin alterare, from Latin alter 'other'.
sentence: The English ruling class was wiped out and the character of the nation altered forever.
part of speech: alterable [adj.]
5. amuse [v.] /əˈmjuːz/
definition: Cause (someone) to find something funny
origin: late 15th century (in the sense 'delude, deceive'): from Old French amuser 'entertain, deceive', from a- (expressing causal effect) + muser 'stare stupidly'. Current senses date from the mid 17th century.
sentence: He made faces to amuse her.
part of speech: amusedly [adv.]
3/19
1. appeal [v.] /əˈpiːl/
definition: Make a serious, urgent, or heartfelt request
origin: Middle English (in legal contexts): from Old French apel (noun), apeler (verb), from Latin appellare 'to address', based on ad- 'to' + pellere 'to drive'.
sentence: She appealed to Germany for political asylum.
part of speech: appealer [n.]
2. approximate [adj.] /əˈprɒksɪmət/
definition: Close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact
origin: late Middle English (in the adjectival sense 'close, similar'): from late Latin approximatus, past participle of approximare, from ad- 'to' + proximus 'very near'. The verb (originally meaning 'bring close') arose in the mid 17th century; the current adjectival sense dates from the early 19th century.
sentence: He has collected nearly 30,000 entries and provided exact, equivalent or approximate words in Urdu.
part of speech: approximately [adv.]
3. arrow [v.] /ˈarəʊ/
definition: Move or appear to move swiftly and directly
origin: Old English arewe, arwe, from Old Norse.
sentence: Lights arrowed down into the airport.
part of speech: arrowed [adj.] arrowy [adj.]
phrase: arrow of time (or time's arrow): The direction of travel from past to future in time considered as a physical dimension.
phrase: arrow of time (or time's arrow): The direction of travel from past to future in time considered as a physical dimension.
4. ashamed [adj.] /əˈʃeɪmd/
definition: Embarrassed or guilty because of one’s actions, characteristics, or associations
origin: Old English āscamod, past participle of āscamian 'feel shame', from ā- (as an intensifier) + the verb shame.
sentence: You should be ashamed of yourself.
part of speech: ashamedly [adv.]
5. aside [adv.] /əˈsʌɪd/
definition: To one side; out of the way
origin: Middle English (originally on side)
sentence: He pushed his plate aside.
phrase: take (or draw) someone aside: Move someone away from a group of people in order to talk to them privately
3/20
1. aspect [v.] /ˈaspɛkt/
definition: (Of a planet) form an aspect with (another celestial body)
origin: late Middle English (denoting the action or a way of looking): from Latin aspectus, from aspicere 'look at', from ad- 'to, at' + specere 'to look'.
sentence: The sun is superbly aspected by your ruler Mars on the 19th.
part of speech: aspectual [adj.]
2. bargain [v.] /ˈbɑːgɪn/
definition: Negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction
origin: Middle English: from Old French bargaine (noun), bargaignier (verb); probably of Germanic origin and related to German borgen 'borrow'.
sentence: He bargained with the local council to rent the stadium.
part of speech: bargainer [n.]
phrase: drive a hard bargain: Be uncompromising in making a deal
phrase: drive a hard bargain: Be uncompromising in making a deal
3. beak [n.] /biːk/
definition: A bird’s horny projecting jaws; a bill
origin: Middle English: from Old French bec, from Latin beccus, of Celtic origin.
sentence: A parent bird with a caterpillar in its beak.
part of speech: beaked [adj.] beak-like [adj.]
4. break [v.] /breɪk/
definition: Separate into pieces as a result of a blow, shock, or strain
origin: Old English brecan (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch breken and German brechen, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin frangere 'to break'.
sentence: The cup broke under the strain.
phrases: give someone a break: Stop putting pressure on someone about something
that's (or them's) the breaks: That’s the way things turn out (used to express resigned acceptance of a situation).
that's (or them's) the breaks: That’s the way things turn out (used to express resigned acceptance of a situation).
5. brick [v.] /brɪk/
definition: Block or enclose with a wall of bricks
origin: late Middle English: from Middle Low German, Middle Dutch bricke, brike; probably reinforced by Old French brique; of unknown ultimate origin.
sentence: The doors have been bricked up.
phrases: brick by brick: A little bit at a time
come up against (or hit) a brick wall: Face an insuperable problem or obstacle while trying to do something
come up against (or hit) a brick wall: Face an insuperable problem or obstacle while trying to do something
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