When you read, it is important to distinguish facts from opinions.They often use signal words to help you understand if a statement is a fact or an opinion.
common fact signal words:
establish, point out, know, show, admit, reveal
common opinion signal words:
say, believe, think, view, argue, may
Prefix
anti-: against
antibacterial, anti-abortion, antiwar
de-: remove or remove from
defrost, defog, decontrol
re-: again, anew
replay, reset, recopy
over-: excessive or excessively, beyond an agreed or desirable limit
overcharge, overdue, oversimplify
dis-: opposite of
disfavor, disarrange, disinterest
-logy: science, theory, study
dermatology, sexology, musicology
-cide: indicating a person or thing that kills
homicide, suicide, bactericide
Root
en: inside, inwards
envision, enclose, deafening
nov: new
innovation, novelty, novice
Idiom
made from scratch: made from its essential ingredient
Students were once fed frozen food, but now everything is made from scratch.
follow suit: to do the same as someone else has just done
Mary went to work for a bank, and Jane followed suit.
out of consideration: with consideration for someone or something; with kind regard for someone or something
Out of consideration for your past efforts, I will do what you ask.
on the defensive: weary and ready to defend oneself
John goes on the defensive when his athletic ability is questioned.
Benjamin Franklin Quotes
-a sleeping fox catches no duck
-a penny saved, a penny earned
Masterpiece
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Words of the day
4/11
1. caricature [v.] /ˈkarɪkətjʊə/
definition: Make or give a caricature of
origin: mid 18th century: from French, from Italian caricatura, from caricare 'load, exaggerate', from Latin carricare
sentence: He was famous enough to be caricatured by Private Eye.
part of speech: caricatural [adj.] caricaturist [n.]
2. sow [v.] /səʊ/
definition: Plant (seed) by scattering it on or in the earth
origin: Old English sāwan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zaaien and German säen.
sentence: Fill a pot with compost and sow a thin layer of seeds on top.
part of speech: sower [n.]
phrase: sow the seed (or seeds) of: Do something which will eventually bring about (a particular result)
3. excoriate [v.] /ɪkˈskɔːrɪeɪt/
definition: Damage or remove part of the surface of (the skin)
origin: late Middle English: from Latin excoriat- 'skinned', from the verb excoriare, from ex- 'out, from' + corium 'skin, hide'.
sentence: The discharge is acrid and excoriates the skin of the nose.
part of speech: excoriation [n.]
4. mock [v.] /mɒk/
definition: Tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner
origin: late Middle English: from Old French mocquer 'deride'.
sentence: We laughed, we mocked, we teased, we made fun of each other, we made fun of strangers.
part of speech: mockable [adj.]
phrase: make (a) mock of: Hold up to scorn or ridicule
5. meddle [v.] /ˈmɛd(ə)l/
definition: Interfere in something that is not one’s concern
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'mingle, mix'): from Old French medler, variant of mesler, based on Latin miscere 'to mix'.
sentence: I don’t want him meddling in our affairs.
part of speech: meddler [n.]
4/14
1. ceremonial [adj.] /sɛrɪˈməʊnɪəl/
definition: Relating to or used for formal religious or public events
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin caerimonialis, from Latin caerimonia 'religious worship'
sentence: Why do modern armies and soldiers carry swords on ceremonial occasions?
part of speech: ceremonialism [n.] ceremonialist [n.] ceremonially [adv.]
2. scrunch [v.] /skrʌn(t)ʃ /
definition: Make a loud crunching noise
origin: late 18th century (in the sense 'eat or bite noisily'): probably imitative; compare with crunch.
sentence: Crisp yellow leaves scrunched satisfyingly underfoot.
3. helm [v.] /hɛlm/
definition: Steer (a boat or ship)
origin: Old English helma; probably related to helve.
sentence: He helmed a sailing vessel.
part of speech: helmer [n.]
4. relevant [adj.] /ˈrɛlɪv(ə)nt/
definition: Closely connected or appropriate to the matter in hand
origin: early 16th century (as a Scots legal term meaning 'legally pertinent'): from medieval Latin relevant- 'raising up', from Latin relevare.
sentence: The candidate’s experience is relevant to the job.
part of speech: relevance [n.] relevancy [n.] relevantly [adv.]
5. itch [n.] /ɪtʃ /
definition: An uncomfortable sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
origin: Old English gycce (noun), gyccan (verb), of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch jeuk (noun) and Dutch jeuken, German jucken (verb).
sentence: Without them, we'd have a hard time scratching an itch or untying a knot.
phrase: an itching palm: An avaricious nature.
4/15
1. philanthropic [adj.] /ˌfɪlənˈθrɒpɪk/
definition: (Of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others; generous and benevolent
origin: late 18th century: from French philanthropique, from Greek philanthrōpos 'man-loving'
sentence: They receive financial support from philanthropic bodies.
part of speech: philanthropically [adv.]
2. proliferate [v.] /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
definition: Increase rapidly in number; multiply
origin: late 19th century: back-formation from proliferation.
sentence: The science fiction magazines which proliferated in the 1920s.
part of speech: proliferative [adj.] proliferator [n.]
3. deploy [v.] /dɪˈplɔɪ/
definition: Move (troops) into position for military action
origin: late 18th century: from French déployer, from Latin displicare and late Latin deplicare 'unfold or explain', from dis-, de- 'un-' + plicare 'to fold'.
sentence: Forces were deployed at strategic locations.
part of speech: deployable [adj.] deployment [n.]
4. miraculous [adj.] /mɪˈrakjʊləs/
definition: Remarkable and bringing very welcome consequences
origin: late Middle English: from French miraculeux or medieval Latin miraculosus, from Latin miraculum
sentence: I felt amazed and grateful for our miraculous escape.
part of speech: miraculously [adv.] miraculousness [n.]
5. grip [v.] /grɪp/
definition: Take and keep a firm hold of; grasp tightly
origin: Old English grippa (verb), gripe 'grasp, clutch' (noun), gripa 'handful, sheath'; related to gripe.
sentence: His knuckles were white as he gripped the steering wheel.
part of speech: gripper [n.]
phrases: come (or get) to grips with: Engage in combat with
get a grip: Keep or recover one’s self-control
1. caricature [v.] /ˈkarɪkətjʊə/
definition: Make or give a caricature of
origin: mid 18th century: from French, from Italian caricatura, from caricare 'load, exaggerate', from Latin carricare
sentence: He was famous enough to be caricatured by Private Eye.
part of speech: caricatural [adj.] caricaturist [n.]
2. sow [v.] /səʊ/
definition: Plant (seed) by scattering it on or in the earth
origin: Old English sāwan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zaaien and German säen.
sentence: Fill a pot with compost and sow a thin layer of seeds on top.
part of speech: sower [n.]
phrase: sow the seed (or seeds) of: Do something which will eventually bring about (a particular result)
3. excoriate [v.] /ɪkˈskɔːrɪeɪt/
definition: Damage or remove part of the surface of (the skin)
origin: late Middle English: from Latin excoriat- 'skinned', from the verb excoriare, from ex- 'out, from' + corium 'skin, hide'.
sentence: The discharge is acrid and excoriates the skin of the nose.
part of speech: excoriation [n.]
4. mock [v.] /mɒk/
definition: Tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous manner
origin: late Middle English: from Old French mocquer 'deride'.
sentence: We laughed, we mocked, we teased, we made fun of each other, we made fun of strangers.
part of speech: mockable [adj.]
phrase: make (a) mock of: Hold up to scorn or ridicule
5. meddle [v.] /ˈmɛd(ə)l/
definition: Interfere in something that is not one’s concern
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'mingle, mix'): from Old French medler, variant of mesler, based on Latin miscere 'to mix'.
sentence: I don’t want him meddling in our affairs.
part of speech: meddler [n.]
4/14
1. ceremonial [adj.] /sɛrɪˈməʊnɪəl/
definition: Relating to or used for formal religious or public events
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin caerimonialis, from Latin caerimonia 'religious worship'
sentence: Why do modern armies and soldiers carry swords on ceremonial occasions?
part of speech: ceremonialism [n.] ceremonialist [n.] ceremonially [adv.]
2. scrunch [v.] /skrʌn(t)ʃ /
definition: Make a loud crunching noise
origin: late 18th century (in the sense 'eat or bite noisily'): probably imitative; compare with crunch.
sentence: Crisp yellow leaves scrunched satisfyingly underfoot.
3. helm [v.] /hɛlm/
definition: Steer (a boat or ship)
origin: Old English helma; probably related to helve.
sentence: He helmed a sailing vessel.
part of speech: helmer [n.]
4. relevant [adj.] /ˈrɛlɪv(ə)nt/
definition: Closely connected or appropriate to the matter in hand
origin: early 16th century (as a Scots legal term meaning 'legally pertinent'): from medieval Latin relevant- 'raising up', from Latin relevare.
sentence: The candidate’s experience is relevant to the job.
part of speech: relevance [n.] relevancy [n.] relevantly [adv.]
5. itch [n.] /ɪtʃ /
definition: An uncomfortable sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
origin: Old English gycce (noun), gyccan (verb), of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch jeuk (noun) and Dutch jeuken, German jucken (verb).
sentence: Without them, we'd have a hard time scratching an itch or untying a knot.
phrase: an itching palm: An avaricious nature.
4/15
1. philanthropic [adj.] /ˌfɪlənˈθrɒpɪk/
definition: (Of a person or organization) seeking to promote the welfare of others; generous and benevolent
origin: late 18th century: from French philanthropique, from Greek philanthrōpos 'man-loving'
sentence: They receive financial support from philanthropic bodies.
part of speech: philanthropically [adv.]
2. proliferate [v.] /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
definition: Increase rapidly in number; multiply
origin: late 19th century: back-formation from proliferation.
sentence: The science fiction magazines which proliferated in the 1920s.
part of speech: proliferative [adj.] proliferator [n.]
3. deploy [v.] /dɪˈplɔɪ/
definition: Move (troops) into position for military action
origin: late 18th century: from French déployer, from Latin displicare and late Latin deplicare 'unfold or explain', from dis-, de- 'un-' + plicare 'to fold'.
sentence: Forces were deployed at strategic locations.
part of speech: deployable [adj.] deployment [n.]
4. miraculous [adj.] /mɪˈrakjʊləs/
definition: Remarkable and bringing very welcome consequences
origin: late Middle English: from French miraculeux or medieval Latin miraculosus, from Latin miraculum
sentence: I felt amazed and grateful for our miraculous escape.
part of speech: miraculously [adv.] miraculousness [n.]
5. grip [v.] /grɪp/
definition: Take and keep a firm hold of; grasp tightly
origin: Old English grippa (verb), gripe 'grasp, clutch' (noun), gripa 'handful, sheath'; related to gripe.
sentence: His knuckles were white as he gripped the steering wheel.
part of speech: gripper [n.]
phrases: come (or get) to grips with: Engage in combat with
get a grip: Keep or recover one’s self-control
4/16
1. rictus [n.] /ˈrɪktəs/
definition: A fixed grimace or grin
origin: early 19th century: from Latin, literally 'open mouth', from rict- 'gaped', from the verb ringi.
sentence: Their faces were each frozen in a terrified rictus.
part of speech: rictal [adj.]
2. distress [v.] /dɪˈstrɛs/
definition: Cause (someone) anxiety, sorrow, or pain
origin: Middle English: from Old French destresce (noun), destrecier (verb), based on Latin distringere 'stretch apart'.
sentence: I didn’t mean to distress you.
part of speech: distressful [adj.]
3. detract [v.] /dɪˈtrakt/
definition: Diminish the worth or value of (a quality or achievement)
origin: late Middle English: from Latin detract- 'drawn away', from the verb detrahere, from de- 'away from' + trahere 'draw'.
sentence: These quibbles in no way detract from her achievement.
part of speech: detraction [n.] detractive [adj.]
4. dismiss [v.] /dɪsˈmɪs/
definition: Order or allow to leave; send away
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin dismiss-, variant of Latin dimiss- 'sent away', from the verb dimittere.
sentence: She dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road.
part of speech: dismissible [adj.]
5. elude [v.] /ɪˈl(j)uːd/
definition: Escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skilful or cunning way
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'delude, baffle'): from Latin eludere, from e- (variant of ex-) 'out, away from' + ludere 'to play'.
sentence: He tried to elude the security men by sneaking through a back door.
part of speech: elusion [n.]
4/17
1. redemption [n.] /rɪˈdɛm(p)ʃ(ə)n/
definition: The action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, from Latin redemptio(n-), from redimere 'buy back'
sentence: Why must he tug on my heartstrings, moving me to tears, when there could be no redemption, no saving me?
phrase: beyond (or past) redemption: Too bad to be improved or saved
2. voluminous [adj.] /vəˈljuːmɪnəs/
definition: (Of clothes) very loose or full; having much fabric
origin: early 17th century: partly from late Latin voluminosus 'having many coils', partly from Latin volumen, volumin-
sentence: Well, the Elizabethans wore voluminous clothing, and an item or two less should not offend even the most prudish, we suppose.
part of speech: voluminously [adv.] voluminousness [n.]
3. existential [adj.] /ˌɛgzɪˈstɛnʃ(ə)l/
definition: Relating to existence
origin: late 17th century: from late Latin existentialis, from existentia
sentence: So I've been going through an existential reckoning lately, in which I'm in the process of critically examining what I'm doing with my life and why I'm doing it.
part of speech: existentially [adv.]
4. angst [n.] /aŋst/
definition: A feeling of deep anxiety or dread, typically an unfocused one about the human condition or the state of the world in general
origin: 1920s: from German, 'fear'.
sentence: Rock and pop have a tradition of celebrating adolescent angst.
part of speech: angsty [adj.]
5. bleak [adj.] /bliːk/
definition: (Of an area of land) lacking vegetation and exposed to the elements
origin: Old English blāc 'shining, white', or in later use from synonymous Old Norse bleikr; ultimately of Germanic origin and related to bleach.
sentence: The yard and the vast prairie lands were bleak and desolate.
part of speech: bleakly [adv.] bleakness [n.]
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