2014年6月17日 星期二

一下筆記:四月二十五日

Root
federal: trust or faithfulness
federal, fedex, federalization

in: into
infect, inspection, illuminate

Prefix
trans: across, beyond, through
transcript, transaction, transport

Suffix
-al: forming nouns, especially of verbal action
criminal, disposal, removal 

Confer
apologize: to offer an apology or excuse for some fault, insult,
failure, or injury
sorry: feeling or expressing pity, sympathy, remorse, grief, or regret

statesman: a political leader whose wisdom, integrity, etc, win great respect
politician: a seeker or holder of public office, who is more concerned about winning favor or retaining power than about maintaining principles.

fate: the preordained course of your life that will occur because of or in spite of your actions.
destinya set of predetermined events within your life that you take an active course in shaping.

Vocabulary
barren: without production
The plains of Kyrenia were barren.

tactless: having or showing a lack of skill and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues
He's tactless and lacks judgment but he's irresistible just the same.

frigid: very cold in temperature
The water is frigid.

transcendentalism: a religious and philosophical movement
Emerson's Transcendentalism drew on German idealism and English pastoral poetry.

Poet
Ralph Waldo Emerson
famous quote: "Traveling is a fool's paradise."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson
http://www.emersoncentral.com/selfreliance.htm

Words of the day
4/25
1. temerarious  [adj.]  /ˌtɛməˈrɛːrɪəs/
definition: Reckless; rash
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin temerarius (from temere 'rashly') + -ous.
sentence: What you did tonight was half-witted and temerarious.
part of speech: temerariousness  [n.]

2. comical  [adj.]  
/ˈkɒmɪk(ə)l/
definition: Amusing, especially in a ludicrous or absurd way
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'relating to or in the style of comedy'): from Latin comicus + -al.
sentence: It made me jump at first, but once I was used to it, I found them strangely comical.
part of speech: comicality  [n.]  comically  [adv.]

3. insane  [adj.]  
/ɪnˈseɪn/
definition: In a state of mind which prevents normal perception, behaviour, or social interaction; seriously mentally ill
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin insanus, from in- 'not' + sanus 'healthy'.
sentence: And anyway, why would we consider Nietzsche's writings the product of an insane mind?
part of speech: insanely  [adv.]

4. formidable  [adj.]  
/ˈfɔːmɪdəb(ə)l/
definition: Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable
origin: late Middle English: from French, or from Latin formidabilis, from formidare 'to fear'.
sentence: Whoever it was, they have assembled a formidable array of talent and spent a lot of money.
part of speech: formidableness  [n.]  formidably  [adv.]

5. prescient  [adj.]  
/ˈprɛsɪənt/
definition: Having or showing knowledge of events before they take place
origin: early 17th century: from Latin praescient- 'knowing beforehand', from the verb praescire, from prae 'before' + scire 'know'.
sentence: It makes no mention at all of White's passionate and prescient warnings.
part of speech: presciently  [adv.]

4/28

1. precept  [n.]  /ˈpriːsɛpt/
definition: A general rule intended to regulate behaviour or thought
origin: late Middle English: from Latin praeceptum, neuter past participle of praecipere 'warn, instruct', from prae 'before' + capere 'take'.
sentence: The legal precept of being innocent until proven guilty.
part of speech: preceptive  [adj.]

2. prototype  [n.]  
/ˈprəʊtətʌɪp/
definition: A first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed
origin: late 16th century (denoting the original of which something else is a copy or derivative): via French or late Latin from Greek prōtotupos
sentence: The firm is testing a prototype of the weapon.
part of speech: prototypal  [adj.]  prototypic  [adj.]  prototypical  [adj.]  prototypically  [adv.]

3. tangible  [adj.]  
/ˈtan(d)ʒɪb(ə)l/
definition: Perceptible by touch
origin: late 16th century: from French, or from late Latin tangibilis, from tangere 'to touch'.
sentence: The atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible.
part of speech: tangibility  [n.]  tangibleness  [n.]  tangibly  [adv.]

4. slate  [v.]  
/sleɪt/
definition: Cover (something, especially a roof) with slates
origin: Middle English sclate, sklate, shortening of Old French esclate, feminine synonymous with esclat 'piece broken off'
sentence: He was working for his father slating a new roof.
part of speech: slaty  [adj.]

5. tempt  [v.]  
/tɛm(p)t/
definition: Entice or try to entice (someone) to do something that they find attractive but know to be wrong or unwise
origin: Middle English: from Old French tempter 'to test', from Latin temptare 'handle, test, try'.
sentence: There’ll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings of poaching.
part of speech: temptability  [n.]  temptable  [adj.]
phrase: tempt fate (or providence): Do something that is risky or dangerous

4/29

1. initiative  [n.]  /ɪˈnɪʃɪətɪv/
definition: The ability to assess and initiate things independently
origin: late 18th century: from French, from Latin initiare, from initium 'beginning'.
sentence: The interviewer is looking for your ability to show initiative, take responsibility and communicate.
phrase: on one's own initiative: Without being prompted by others

2. foster  [v.]  
/ˈfɒstə/
definition: Encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable)
origin: Old English fōstrian 'feed, nourish', from fōster 'food, nourishment', of Germanic origin; related to food. The sense 'bring up another's (originally also one's own) child' dates from Middle English.
sentence: The teacher’s task is to foster learning.
part of speech: fosterage  [n.]  fosterer  [n.]

3. constitutional  [adj.]  
/kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l/
definition: Relating to an established set of principles governing a state
sentence: It is a fundamental constitutional principle, deeply entrenched within our system.
part of speech: constitutionality  [n.]  constitutionally  [adv.]

4. berth  [v.]  
/bəːθ/
definition: Moor (a ship) in its allotted place
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'adequate sea room'): probably from a nautical use of bear + -th.
sentence: The Port Authority said it had to choose between berthing its own ferries and the cruise ship.
phrase: give someone/thing a wide berth: Steer a ship well clear of something while passing it

5. smack  [v.]  
/smak/
definition: Strike (someone or something), typically with the palm of the hand and as a punishment
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'part (one's lips) noisily'): from Middle Dutch smacken, of imitative origin; compare with German schmatzen 'eat or kiss noisily'.
sentence: He wasted no time in raining down a series of sharp smacks to his target.
phrase: a smack in the face (or eye): A strong rebuff

4/30

1. ideology  [n.]  /ˌʌɪdɪˈɒlədʒi/
definition: (plural ideologies) A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
origin: late 18th century: from French idéologie, from Greek idea 'form, pattern' + -logos (denoting discourse or compilation).
sentence: The term Libertarian stands for a political ideology that basis itself on freedom.
part of speech: ideological  [adj.]  ideologically  [adv.]  ideologist  [n.]

2. embark  [v.]  
/ɪmˈbɑːk/
definition: Go on board a ship or aircraft
origin: mid 16th century: from French embarquer, from em- 'in' + barque 'bark, ship'.
sentence: He embarked for India in 1817.
part of speech: embarkation  [n.]

3. presence  [n.]  
/ˈprɛz(ə)ns/
definition: The impressive manner or appearance of a person
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin praesentia 'being at hand', from the verb praeesse
sentence: Richard was not a big man but his presence was overwhelming.
phrase: make one's presence felt: Have a noticeable effect or influence
presence of mind: The ability to remain calm and take quick, sensible action

4. lavish  [v.]  
/ˈlavɪʃ/
definition: Bestow something in generous or extravagant quantities on
origin: late Middle English (as a noun denoting profusion): from Old French lavasse 'deluge of rain', from laver 'to wash', from Latin lavare.
sentence: The media couldn’t lavish enough praise on the film.
part of speech: lavishly  [adv.]  lavishness  [n.]

5. pompous  [adj.]  
/ˈpɒmpəs/
definition: Affectedly grand, solemn, or self-important
origin: late Middle English: from Old French pompeux 'full of grandeur', from late Latin pomposus, from pompa 'pomp'.
sentence: A pompous ass who pretends he knows everything.
part of speech: pompously  [adv.]  pompousness  [n.]

5/1
1. pretentious  [adj.]  /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/
definition: Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance or merit than is actually possessed
origin: mid 19th century: from French prétentieux, from prétention
sentence: Enough of this pseudo-intellectual posturing, these pretentious literary musings!
part of speech: pretentiously  [adv.]  pretentiousness  [n.]

2. revelation  [n.]  
/rɛvəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
definition: A surprising and previously unknown fact that has been disclosed to others
origin: Middle English (in the theological sense): from Old French, or from late Latin revelatio(n-), from revelare 'lay bare'.
sentence: Surprised by the revelation, Shanza slipped in the sand again.
part of speech: revelational  [adj.]

3. mischievous  [adj.]  
/ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/
definition: Causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French meschevous, from Old French meschever 'come to an unfortunate end'. The early sense was 'unfortunate or calamitous', later 'having harmful effects'; the sense 'playfully troublesome' dates from the late 17th century.
sentence: I can be playful, mischievous, or silly depending on how you look at things.
part of speech: mischievously  [adv.]  mischievousness  [n.]

4. minister  [v.]  
/ˈmɪnɪstə/
definition: (minister to) Attend to the needs of (someone)
origin: Middle English; also in the sense 'a person acting under the authority of another'): from Old French ministre (noun), ministrer (verb), from Latin minister 'servant', from minus 'less'.
sentence: Her doctor was busy ministering to the injured.
part of speech: ministership  [n.]

5. hereditary  [adj.]  
/hɪˈrɛdɪt(ə)ri/
definition: (Of a title, office, or right) conferred by or based on inheritance
origin: late Middle English: from Latin hereditarius, from hereditas
sentence: The passing on of property or titles is also hereditary and through the eldest male child of the family.
part of speech: hereditarily  [adv.]  hereditariness  [n.]

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