1. contextual clue
2. part of speech
3. etymological information
Patterns of organization(bear in mind!!)
1. cause/effect
2. compare/contrast
3. exemplification
4. problem/solution
Root
ac: take it, collect
accumulate, acknowledge
phobic[adj.], phobia[n.]: fear
claustrophobic, xenophobia
ob: something negative
obituary, obesity, obscene
xerox copy = a copy made by a xerographic printer
photo copier = any electrically operated machine using a photographic method, as the electrostatic process, for making instant copies of written, drawn, or printed material.
four-by-four = four-wheel-drive
off-road vehicle = a motor vehicle designed for use away from public roads, esp on rough terrain
Fate or Destiny?
Fate can be kind, but this is an unexpected gift; just as often, fate is cruel and makes people feel helpless.Destiny is more likely to give people a sense of power: people who have a strong sense of destiny usually believe that they are meant to be great or do great things.
white out = liquid paper
"Please charge to my room"
夾在兩子音中間o發[a] ex. moniter, kilometer
fix
1. to put something firmly in a place so that it will not moveex. "fixed income" means negative, income does not change(increase)
2. to repair or correct something
withdraw = take it back
+al: [noun]
withdrawal, approval
check out = make a check mark
Wrong: make a mark
Right: make a check
No man is an island entire of itself
---by John Donne
Extension Study
John Donne
A Valediction: Forbidden Mourning
Words of the day
10/18
1.benediction [n.] /ˌbɛnɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/
definition: the utterance of a blessing, especially at the end of a
religious service
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin
benedictio(n-), from benedicere 'wish well, bless', from bene 'well' + dicere 'say'
sentence: He said the benediction.
part of speech: benedictional [adj.] benedictive [adj.]
2.benevolent [adj.] /bɪˈnɛv(ə)l(ə)nt/
definition: well meaning and kindly
origin: late Middle English: from Old French benivolent, from Latin bene volent- 'well wishing', from bene 'well' + velle 'to wish'
sentence: He was something of a benevolent despot.
part of speech: benevolently [adv.]
3.boon [n.] /buːn/
definition: [usually in singular] a thing that is helpful or beneficial
origin: Middle English (originally in the sense 'request for a
favour'): from Old Norse bón
sentence: The route will be a boon to many travellers.
4.resent [v.] /rɪˈzɛnt/
definition: feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance, action,
or person)
origin: late 16th century: from obsolete French resentir, from re-
(expressing intensive force) + sentir 'feel' (from Latin sentire). The
early sense was 'experience an emotion or sensation', later 'feel
deeply', giving rise to 'feel aggrieved by'
sentence: She resented the fact that I had children.
part of speech: resentful [adj.] resentfully [adv.]
5.disgrace [n.] /dɪsˈgreɪs/
definition: loss of reputation or respect as the result of a
dishonourable action
origin: mid 16th century (as a verb): via French from Italian
disgrazia (noun), disgraziare (verb), from dis- (expressing reversal) + Latin gratia 'grace'
sentence: He left the army in disgrace.
part of speech: disgraceful [adj.] disgracefully [adv.]
10/21
1.irresistible [adj.] /ɪrɪˈzɪstɪb(ə)l/
definition: too attractive and tempting to be resisted
origin: late 16th century: from medieval Latin irresistibilis, from in-'not' + resistibilis (from resistere 'resist')
sentence: He found the delicious-looking cakes irresistible.
part of speech: irresistibility [n.] irresistibly [adv.]
2.stunt [v.] /stʌnt/
definition: prevent from growing or developing properly
origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'bring to an abrupt halt'):
from dialect stunt 'foolish, stubborn', of Germanic origin; perhaps related to stump
sentence: Some weeds produce chemicals that stunt the plant’s
growth.
part of speech: stuntedness [n.]
3.cosy [adj.] /ˈkəʊzi/
definition: giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation
origin: early 18th century (originally Scots): of unknown origin
sentence: The flickering lamp gave the room a cosy lived-in air.
part of speech: cosily [adv.] cosiness [n.]
4.indulge [v.] /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/
definition: [no object] (indulge in) allow oneself to enjoy the
pleasure of
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'treat with excessive
kindness'): from Latin indulgere 'give free rein to'
sentence: We indulged in a cream tea.
part of speech: indulger [n.]
5.dread [v.] /drɛd/
definition: anticipate with great apprehension or fear
origin: Old English ādrǣdan, ondrǣdan, of West Germanic origin;
related to Old High German intrātan
sentence: Jane was dreading the party.
part of speech: dreadful [adj.] dreadfully [adv.]
definition: the utterance of a blessing, especially at the end of a
religious service
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin
benedictio(n-), from benedicere 'wish well, bless', from bene 'well' + dicere 'say'
sentence: He said the benediction.
part of speech: benedictional [adj.] benedictive [adj.]
2.benevolent [adj.] /bɪˈnɛv(ə)l(ə)nt/
definition: well meaning and kindly
origin: late Middle English: from Old French benivolent, from Latin bene volent- 'well wishing', from bene 'well' + velle 'to wish'
sentence: He was something of a benevolent despot.
part of speech: benevolently [adv.]
3.boon [n.] /buːn/
definition: [usually in singular] a thing that is helpful or beneficial
origin: Middle English (originally in the sense 'request for a
favour'): from Old Norse bón
sentence: The route will be a boon to many travellers.
4.resent [v.] /rɪˈzɛnt/
definition: feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance, action,
or person)
origin: late 16th century: from obsolete French resentir, from re-
(expressing intensive force) + sentir 'feel' (from Latin sentire). The
early sense was 'experience an emotion or sensation', later 'feel
deeply', giving rise to 'feel aggrieved by'
sentence: She resented the fact that I had children.
part of speech: resentful [adj.] resentfully [adv.]
5.disgrace [n.] /dɪsˈgreɪs/
definition: loss of reputation or respect as the result of a
dishonourable action
origin: mid 16th century (as a verb): via French from Italian
disgrazia (noun), disgraziare (verb), from dis- (expressing reversal) + Latin gratia 'grace'
sentence: He left the army in disgrace.
part of speech: disgraceful [adj.] disgracefully [adv.]
10/21
1.irresistible [adj.] /ɪrɪˈzɪstɪb(ə)l/
definition: too attractive and tempting to be resisted
origin: late 16th century: from medieval Latin irresistibilis, from in-'not' + resistibilis (from resistere 'resist')
sentence: He found the delicious-looking cakes irresistible.
part of speech: irresistibility [n.] irresistibly [adv.]
2.stunt [v.] /stʌnt/
definition: prevent from growing or developing properly
origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'bring to an abrupt halt'):
from dialect stunt 'foolish, stubborn', of Germanic origin; perhaps related to stump
sentence: Some weeds produce chemicals that stunt the plant’s
growth.
part of speech: stuntedness [n.]
3.cosy [adj.] /ˈkəʊzi/
definition: giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation
origin: early 18th century (originally Scots): of unknown origin
sentence: The flickering lamp gave the room a cosy lived-in air.
part of speech: cosily [adv.] cosiness [n.]
4.indulge [v.] /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/
definition: [no object] (indulge in) allow oneself to enjoy the
pleasure of
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'treat with excessive
kindness'): from Latin indulgere 'give free rein to'
sentence: We indulged in a cream tea.
part of speech: indulger [n.]
5.dread [v.] /drɛd/
definition: anticipate with great apprehension or fear
origin: Old English ādrǣdan, ondrǣdan, of West Germanic origin;
related to Old High German intrātan
sentence: Jane was dreading the party.
part of speech: dreadful [adj.] dreadfully [adv.]
10/22
1.mourn [v.] /mɔːn/
definition: feel or show sorrow for the death of (someone), typically by following conventions such as the wearing of black clothes
origin: Old English murnan, of Germanic origin
sentence: Isobel mourned her husband.
part of speech: mournful [adj.] mourning [adj.]
2.offence [n.] /əˈfɛns/
definition: a breach of a law or rule; an illegal act
origin: late Middle English: from Old French offens 'misdeed', from
Latin offensus 'annoyance', reinforced by French offense, from Latin offensa 'a striking against, a hurt, or displeasure'; based on
Latin offendere 'strike against'
sentence: The new offence of obtaining property by deception.
part of speech: offend [v.]
3.outrage [n.] /ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/
definition: an extremely strong reaction of anger, shock, or
indignation
origin: Middle English (in the senses 'lack of moderation' and
'violent behaviour'): from Old French ou(l)trage, based on Latin
ultra 'beyond'. Sense development has been affected by the belief
that the word is a compound of out and rage
sentence: Her voice trembled with outrage.
part of speech: outrageous [adj.]
4.humble [adj.] /ˈhʌmb(ə)l/
definition: having or showing a modest or low estimate of one’s
importance
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin humilis 'low,
lowly', from humus 'ground'
sentence: I felt very humble when meeting her.
part of speech: humbleness [n.] humbly [adv.]
5. flatter [v.] /ˈflatə/
definition: lavish praise and compliments on (someone), often
insincerely and with the aim of furthering one’s own interests
origin: Middle English: perhaps a back-formation from flattery
sentence: She was flattering him in order to avoid doing what he
wanted.
part of speech: flatterer [n.]
origin: Old English murnan, of Germanic origin
sentence: Isobel mourned her husband.
part of speech: mournful [adj.] mourning [adj.]
2.offence [n.] /əˈfɛns/
definition: a breach of a law or rule; an illegal act
origin: late Middle English: from Old French offens 'misdeed', from
Latin offensus 'annoyance', reinforced by French offense, from Latin offensa 'a striking against, a hurt, or displeasure'; based on
Latin offendere 'strike against'
sentence: The new offence of obtaining property by deception.
part of speech: offend [v.]
3.outrage [n.] /ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/
definition: an extremely strong reaction of anger, shock, or
indignation
origin: Middle English (in the senses 'lack of moderation' and
'violent behaviour'): from Old French ou(l)trage, based on Latin
ultra 'beyond'. Sense development has been affected by the belief
that the word is a compound of out and rage
sentence: Her voice trembled with outrage.
part of speech: outrageous [adj.]
4.humble [adj.] /ˈhʌmb(ə)l/
definition: having or showing a modest or low estimate of one’s
importance
origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin humilis 'low,
lowly', from humus 'ground'
sentence: I felt very humble when meeting her.
part of speech: humbleness [n.] humbly [adv.]
5. flatter [v.] /ˈflatə/
definition: lavish praise and compliments on (someone), often
insincerely and with the aim of furthering one’s own interests
origin: Middle English: perhaps a back-formation from flattery
sentence: She was flattering him in order to avoid doing what he
wanted.
part of speech: flatterer [n.]
10/23
1.oppressive [adj.] /əˈprɛsɪv/
definition: inflicting harsh and authoritarian treatment
origin: late 16th century: from medieval Latin oppressivus, from
oppress- 'pressed against', from the verb opprimere
sentence: The political situation has grown increasingly oppressive.
part of speech: oppressively [adv.] oppressiveness [n.]
2. extrovert [adj.] /ˈɛkstrəvəːt/
definition: relating to, denoting, or typical of an extrovert
origin: early 20th century: from extro- (variant of extra-, on the
pattern of intro-) + Latin vertere 'to turn'
sentence: His extrovert personality made him the ideal host.
part of speech: extroversion [n.] extroverted [adj.]
3.adorable [adj.] /əˈdɔːrəb(ə)l/
definition: inspiring great affection or delight
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'worthy of divine worship'):
from French, from Latin adorabilis, from the verb adorare
sentence: I have four adorable Siamese cats.
part of speech: adorability [n.] adorableness [n.]
adorably [adv.]
4.affectionate [adj.] /əˈfɛkʃ(ə)nət/
definition: readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness
origin: late 15th century (in the sense 'disposed, inclined towards'):
from French affectionné 'beloved' or medieval Latin affectionatus
'devoted', from affectio(n-), from afficere 'to influence
sentence: He is very affectionate towards his children.
part of speech: affectionately [adv.]
5. tempt [v.] /tɛm(p)t/
definition: entice or try to entice (someone) to do something that
they find attractive but know to be wrong or unwise
origin: Middle English: from Old French tempter 'to test', from
Latin temptare 'handle, test, try'
sentence: There’ll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings
of poaching.
part of speech: temptability [n.] temptable [adj.]
10/24
1.abash [v.] /əˈbaʃ/
definition: make (someone) feel embarrassed, disconcerted, or
ashamed
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French abaiss-;
compare with Old French esbaiss-, lengthened stem of esbair, from
es- 'utterly' + bair 'astound'
sentence: Harriet looked slightly abashed.
part of speech: abashment [n.]
2.abate [v.] /əˈbeɪt/
definition: (of something unpleasant or severe) become less intense
or widespread
origin: Middle English (in the legal sense): from Old French abatre
'to fell', from a- (from Latin ad 'to, at') + batre 'to beat' (from Latin battere, battuere 'to beat')
sentence: The storm suddenly abated.
part of speech: abatement [n.]
3.abdicate [v.] /ˈabdɪkeɪt/
definition: (of a monarch) renounce one’s throne
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin abdicat- 'renounced', from the
verb abdicare, from ab- 'away, from' + dicare 'declare'
sentence: Ferdinand abdicated the throne in favour of the
mperor’s brother.
part of speech: abdication [n.]
4.abduct [v.] /əbˈdʌkt/
definition: take (someone) away illegally by force or deception;
kidnap
origin: early 17th century: from Latin abduct- 'led away', from the
verb abducere, from ab- 'away, from' + ducere 'to lead'
sentence: The millionaire who disappeared may have been
abducted.
part of speech: abductee [n.] abduction [n.]
5.aberrant [adj.] /əˈbɛr(ə)nt/
definition: departing from an accepted standard
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin aberrant- 'wandering away',
from the verb aberrare, from ab- 'away, from' + errare 'to stray'
sentence: This somewhat aberrant behaviour requires an
explanation.
part of speech: aberrance [n.] aberrancy [n.]
aberrantly [adv.]
definition: inflicting harsh and authoritarian treatment
origin: late 16th century: from medieval Latin oppressivus, from
oppress- 'pressed against', from the verb opprimere
sentence: The political situation has grown increasingly oppressive.
part of speech: oppressively [adv.] oppressiveness [n.]
2. extrovert [adj.] /ˈɛkstrəvəːt/
definition: relating to, denoting, or typical of an extrovert
origin: early 20th century: from extro- (variant of extra-, on the
pattern of intro-) + Latin vertere 'to turn'
sentence: His extrovert personality made him the ideal host.
part of speech: extroversion [n.] extroverted [adj.]
3.adorable [adj.] /əˈdɔːrəb(ə)l/
definition: inspiring great affection or delight
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'worthy of divine worship'):
from French, from Latin adorabilis, from the verb adorare
sentence: I have four adorable Siamese cats.
part of speech: adorability [n.] adorableness [n.]
adorably [adv.]
4.affectionate [adj.] /əˈfɛkʃ(ə)nət/
definition: readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness
origin: late 15th century (in the sense 'disposed, inclined towards'):
from French affectionné 'beloved' or medieval Latin affectionatus
'devoted', from affectio(n-), from afficere 'to influence
sentence: He is very affectionate towards his children.
part of speech: affectionately [adv.]
5. tempt [v.] /tɛm(p)t/
definition: entice or try to entice (someone) to do something that
they find attractive but know to be wrong or unwise
origin: Middle English: from Old French tempter 'to test', from
Latin temptare 'handle, test, try'
sentence: There’ll always be someone tempted by the rich pickings
of poaching.
part of speech: temptability [n.] temptable [adj.]
10/24
1.abash [v.] /əˈbaʃ/
definition: make (someone) feel embarrassed, disconcerted, or
ashamed
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French abaiss-;
compare with Old French esbaiss-, lengthened stem of esbair, from
es- 'utterly' + bair 'astound'
sentence: Harriet looked slightly abashed.
part of speech: abashment [n.]
2.abate [v.] /əˈbeɪt/
definition: (of something unpleasant or severe) become less intense
or widespread
origin: Middle English (in the legal sense): from Old French abatre
'to fell', from a- (from Latin ad 'to, at') + batre 'to beat' (from Latin battere, battuere 'to beat')
sentence: The storm suddenly abated.
part of speech: abatement [n.]
3.abdicate [v.] /ˈabdɪkeɪt/
definition: (of a monarch) renounce one’s throne
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin abdicat- 'renounced', from the
verb abdicare, from ab- 'away, from' + dicare 'declare'
sentence: Ferdinand abdicated the throne in favour of the
mperor’s brother.
part of speech: abdication [n.]
4.abduct [v.] /əbˈdʌkt/
definition: take (someone) away illegally by force or deception;
kidnap
origin: early 17th century: from Latin abduct- 'led away', from the
verb abducere, from ab- 'away, from' + ducere 'to lead'
sentence: The millionaire who disappeared may have been
abducted.
part of speech: abductee [n.] abduction [n.]
5.aberrant [adj.] /əˈbɛr(ə)nt/
definition: departing from an accepted standard
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin aberrant- 'wandering away',
from the verb aberrare, from ab- 'away, from' + errare 'to stray'
sentence: This somewhat aberrant behaviour requires an
explanation.
part of speech: aberrance [n.] aberrancy [n.]
aberrantly [adv.]
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