2014年1月2日 星期四

九月十三日筆記

第一堂課: 字根字首字尾的學習

字根(root): 可放在單字的前,中,後

字根en: 使結合的字變成動詞
en + sure  [adj.]  確信的 = ensure  [v.]  確保,保證
strength  [n.]  力量 + en = strengthen  [v.]  加強,增進

字根ann: 表年為單位的(有時enn也表同義)

annual  [adj.]  年度的,每年的
anniversary  [n.]  周年紀念日
biennial  [adj.]  兩年一次的
millennial  [adj.]  千禧年的

字根man: 表手

manual  [adj.]  手工的,手動的  [n.]  手冊,簡介
manipulate  [v.]  控制,操縱

字根nomy: 表命名

autonomy  [n.]  自治,自治權(聯想:自己點自己名)
nominate  [v.]  提名,任命
astronomy  [n.]  占星學(聯想:替星星取名字)

數字字根大集合:

1 = mono       monogamy  [n.]  一夫一妻制
2 = bi             bigamy        [n.]  重婚罪
3 = tri            triangle       [n.]  三角形
4 = qua          quarter        [n.]  四分之一
5 = penta       pentagon     [n.]  五角形
6 = hexa         hexachord   [n.]  六音音階
7 = hepta        heptagon    [n.]  七角形
8 = oct            octave         [n.]  八個一組的物品
9 = ennea        enneahedral   [adj.]  九角的,九面的 
10 = dec(a)     decade        [n.]  十年 
11 = hendeca    hendecahedron    [n.]  十一面體
12 = dodeca     dodecahedron       [n.]  十二面體
100 = centi       centimeter             [n.]  公分
1000 = milli      milliliter                [n.]  毫升(千分之一公升)

補充字根說明:

gamy: 表婚姻           
gon: 表角
hedron: 表基底

字首(prefix): 只能放字首,且會造成相反的意思
字首un: 表相反,不
undo  [v.]  取消,廢除
unabashed  [adj.]  不臉紅的,不害羞的

字首ex: 表外面

exception  [n.]  例外         excess  [n.]  超過,過量

字首ad: 等同於to, toward 使做...

adapt  [v.]  使適應           adhere  [v.]  使附著

字尾(suffix)

字尾ly表形容詞(大部分表副詞)
friendly  友善的          lovely  可愛的    elderly  老年的        
cowardly  膽小的       deadly  致命的

字尾表人
actor  演員          artist  藝術家      teacher  老師         
attendant  服務人員

Words of the day

9/13
1.abnormal  [adj.]  /æbˈnɔː(r)m(ə)l /
definition: different from what is usual or expected, especially in a
way that is worrying, harmful or not wanted
origin: alteration of French anormal, from Medieval
Latin anormalis,from Latin a- + Late Latin normalis normal
sentence: I thought his behaviour was abnormal.
part of  speech: abnormality  [n.]  abnormally  [adv.]

2.privy  [adj.]  /ˈprɪvi /

definition: allowed to know about something secret
origin: Middle English prive, from Anglo-French privé, from
Latinprivatus private
sentence: She was not privy to any information contained in the
letters.
part of speech: privy  [n.]  privily  [adv.]


3.feign  [v.]  /ˈfān /
definition: to pretend to feel or be affected by (something)
origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French feign-, stem
of feindre,from Latin fingere to shape, feign
sentence:He survived the massacre by feigning death.
part of speech:feigned  [adj.]  feignedly  [adv.]

4.preoccupation  [n.]  /prē-ˌä-kyə-ˈpā-shən /
definition: something that you give all or most of your attention to
sentence: She found his preoccupation with money irritating.
part of speech: preoccupy  [v.]  preoccupied  [adj.]

5.levity  [n.]  /ˈle-və-tē /
definition: a lack of seriousness
origin: Latin levitat-, levitas, from levis light in weight

sentence: The joke provided a moment of levity in an otherwise
dreary meeting.
part of speech: levitate  [v.]  levitation  [n.]

9/16
1.revelation  [n.]  /ˌre-və-ˈlā-shən /
definition: an act of making something known: an act of revealing
something in usually a surprising way
origin: Middle English revelacioun, from Anglo-French, from
LateLatin revelation-, revelatio, from Latin revelare to reveal
sentence: He was dismissed after revelations that confidential files
were missing.
part of speech: revalational  [adj.]  revelator  [n.]

2.plagiarism  [n.]  /ˈplā-jə-ˌri-zəm/
definition: the act of using another person's words or ideas without
giving credit to that person
sentence: The student has been accused of plagiarism.
part of speech: plagiarist  [n.]  plagiaristic  [adj.]

3.mar  [v.]  /ˈmär/
definition: to ruin the beauty or perfection of (something): to hurt
or damage the good condition of (something)
origin: Middle English marren, from Old English mierran to
obstruct, waste; akin to Old High German merren to obstruct
sentence: A large scar marred his face.

4.decency  [n.]  /ˈdē-sən-sē/
definition: polite, moral, and honest behavior and attitudes that
show respect for other people
sentence: Sending aid to the victims was simply a matter of ommon
decency.
part of speech: decent  [adj.]  decently  [adv.]

5.parcel  [v.]    /ˈpɑːs(ə)l/     
definition: to divide into parts;to cover (as a rope) with strips of
canvas or tape
origin: Middle English, from Anglo-French parcele, from Vulgar
Latin particella, from Latin particula small part 
sentence: Her absurd explanation for the collision was a parcel of
lies
part of speech: parcel  [n.][adj.][adv.]

9/17

1.riotous  [adj.]  /ˈrī-ə-təs/
definition: of a group of people: behaving in a violent and
uncontrolled way; existing or occurring in large amounts
sentence: riotous profusion of flowers.
part of speech: riotously  [adv.]  riotousness  [n.]

2.excursion  [n.]  /ik-ˈskər-zhən/

definition: a short trip especially for pleasure
origin: Latin excursion-, excursio, from excurrere
sentence: They went on a brief excursion to the coast.
part of speech: excursional  [adj.]  excursionist  [n.]

3.intricate  [adj.]  /ˈin-tri-kət/

definition: having many complexly interrelating parts or elements
origin: Middle English, from Latin intricatus, past participle
ofintricare to entangle, from in- + tricae trifles, complications
sentence: The movie has an intricate plot.
part of speech: intricately  [adv.]  intricateness  [n.]

4.flabby  [adj.]  /ˈfla-bē/

definition: lacking resilience or firmness;weak and ineffective
origin: alteration of flappy
sentence: his daughter playfully poked at his flabby belly
part of speech: flabbily  [adv.]  flabbiness  [n.]

5.dignify  [v.]  /ˈdig-nə-ˌfī/

definition: to cause (something) to have more serious and important quality: to give dignity or importance to (something)
origin: Middle English dignifien, from Middle
French dignifier, from Late Latin dignificare, from
Latin dignus worthy 
sentence: She felt that formal clothing would help dignify the
occasion. 
part of speech: dignitary  [n.]  dignity  [n.]  dignified  [adj.]

9/18

1.temperament  [n.]  /ˈtem-p(ə-)rə-mənt/
definition: the usual attitude, mood, or behavior of a person oranimal
origin: Middle English, from Latin temperamentum,
from temperareto mix, temper
sentence: The two women were opposite in temperament.
part of speech: temperamental  [adj.]  temperamentally  [adv.]

2.abortive  [adj.]  /ə-ˈbȯr-tiv/

definition: failing to achieve the desired result : not successful
sentence: Abortive attempts to divert the course of the river.
part of speech: abortively  [adv.]  abortiveness  [n.]

3.elation  [n.]  /i-ˈlā-shən/

definition: the quality or state of being elated
sentence: most people can't imagine the kind of elation that comes
with winning a super lottery's grand prize, but they're dying to find
out
part of speech: elate  [v.]  elated  [adj.]

4.raid  [n.]  /ˈrād/

definition: a surprise attack on an enemy by soldiers or other
military forces
origin: Middle English (Scots) rade, from Old English rād ride, raid
sentence: They launched a raid against the enemy.
part of speech: raid  [v.]  raider  [n.]

5.clan  [n.]  /ˈklan/

definition: a large group of people who are related
origin: Middle English, from Scottish Gaelic clann offspring, clan,
from Old Irish cland plant, offspring, from Latin planta plant
sentence: The tribe is divided into clans.

9/19

1.bungalow  [n.]  /ˈbəŋ-gə-ˌlō/
definition: a one-storied house with a low-pitched roof
origin: Hindi baṅglā & Urdu banglā, literally, (house) in the
Bengal style
sentence: The old couple live in a bungalow  on the outskirts of town.

2.mutter  [v.]  /ˈmə-tər/

definition: to speak quietly so that it is difficult for other people to
hear what you say
origin: Middle English muteren, of imitative origin
sentence: She angrily muttered something about her bad luck.
part of speech: mutter  [n.]  mutterer  [n.]

3.confer  [v.]  /kən-ˈfər/

definition: to discuss something important in order to make a
decision
origin: Latin conferre to bring together, from com- + ferre to
carry 
sentence: The lawyer and judge conferred about the ruling.
part of speech: comferment  [n.]       conferrable  [adj.]  
                          conferral  [n.]            conferrer   [n.]

4.conviction  [n.]  /kən-ˈvik-shən/

definition: the act or process of finding a person guilty of a crime especially in a court of law;a strong persuasion or belief
sentence: In light of the evidence, a conviction seems certain.
part of speech: convictive  [adj.]  convict  [v.]

5.mint  [v.]  /ˈmint/

definition: to make (as coins) out of metal
origin: Middle English minte, from Old English, from
Latin mentha, menta; akin to Greek minthē mint
sentence: Coins that were minted before 1965.
part of speech: minted  [adj.]  mintage  [n.]  minter  [n.]

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