2014年1月2日 星期四

十二月十三日筆記

Reading Poetry 
1.sound
2.rhythm
3.punctuation
4.double/triple meanings

double meanings on the title:
"Family matters"
means that family matters are important, and family do matter a lot.

double meanings in Widows:
"...the one who has nothing wins."
means that the player who has no card wins, and every one is born alone, when you get this point, you win.

double meanings in Lost and Found:
"I found my daughter, I will say. I found my little girl."
means that the mother finds her daughter in the game, and she also finds the precious relationship with her little girl.

Prefix
mal: something negative                  e: out, away
maladaptive, malicious, malign       evaporate, evacuuate, elect

over: excessive, above                    re-:back, again
overwork, overrate, oversleep        remain, retain, revise

pro: forward                                    in: into, on, near, towards

prospect, proclaim, province          inport, interior, inspect

de: down, away from
depress, decline, decipher

Suffix
ship: status, condition                      ist: believer in, expert of
relationship, friendship, ownership  romanticist,economist,nationalist

Root
fra: break
fragile, fragment, fracture

Idiom
get used to
make allowance for
let up
trail behind
freak out
give an inch
catch up on

Words of the day
12/13
1.denote  [v.]   /dɪˈnəʊt/
definition: be a sign of; indicate
origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'be a sign of, mark out'): from French dénoter or Latin denotare, from de- 'away, thoroughly' +
notare 'observe, note' (from nota 'a mark')
sentence: This mark denotes purity and quality.
part of speech: denotative  [adj.]

2.deplete   [v.]   /dɪˈpliːt/

definition: (often as adjective depleted) use up the supply or
resources of
origin: early 19th century (earlier (mid. 17th century) as depletion): from Latin deplet- 'emptied out', from the verb deplere,
from de- (expressing reversal) + plere 'fill' (from plenus 'full')
sentence: Fish stocks are severely depleted.
part of speech: depleter  [n.]

3.deplorable  [adj.]   /dɪˈplɔːrəb(ə)l/

definition: deserving strong condemnation; completely
unacceptable
origin: early 17th century: from French déplorable or late Latin
deplorabilis, from the verb deplorare (see deplore)
sentence: Poor people live in deplorable conditions.
part of speech: deplorably  [adv.]

4.deploy  [v.]   /dɪˈplɔɪ/

definition: move (troops) into position for military action
origin:  late 18th century: from French déployer, from Latin
displicare and late Latin deplicare 'unfold or explain', from dis-, de-'un-' + plicare 'to fold'. Compare with display
sentence: Forces were deployed at strategic locations.
part of speech: deployable  [adj.]  deployment  [n.]

5.deprave  [v.]   /dɪˈpreɪv/

definition: make (someone) immoral or wicked
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'pervert the meaning or
intention of something'): from Old French depraver or Latin
depravare, from de- 'down, thoroughly' + pravus 'crooked, perverse'
sentence: This book would deprave and corrupt young children.
part of speech: depravation  [n.]

12/16

1.depreciate  [v.]   /dɪˈpriːʃɪeɪt, -sɪ-/
definition: diminish in value over a period of time
origin: late Middle English (in sense 2): from late Latin depreciat-
'lowered in price, undervalued', from the verb depreciare, from
Latin de- 'down' + pretium 'price'
sentence: The latest cars will depreciate heavily in the first year.
part of speech: depreciable   [adj.]   depreciative   [adj.]
                          depreciatively  [adv.]  depreciatory  [adj.]

2.derail  [v.]   /dɪˈreɪl/

definition: cause (a train or tram) to leave its tracks accidentally
origin: mid 19th century: from French dérailler, from dé (expressing removal) + rail 'rail'
sentence: A train was derailed after it collided with a herd of cattle.
part of speech: derailment  [n.]

3.derange  [v.]   /dɪˈreɪn(d)ʒ/

definition: make (someone) insane
origin: late 18th century: from French déranger, from Old French
desrengier, literally 'move from orderly rows'
sentence: That business last month must have deranged him a bit.
part of speech: derangement  [n.]

4.deride  [v.]   /dɪˈrʌɪd/

definition: express contempt for; ridicule
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin deridere 'scoff at'
sentence: The decision was derided by environmentalists.
part of speech: derider  [n.]  derision  [n.]  derisive  [adj.]

5.desecrate  [v.]   /ˈdɛsɪkreɪt/

definition: treat (a sacred place or thing) with violent disrespect
origin: late 17th century: from de- (expressing reversal) + a
shortened form of consecrate
sentence: More than 300 graves were desecrated.
part of speech: desecrator  [n.]

12/17
1.designate  [v.]   /ˈdɛzɪgneɪt/
definition: appoint (someone) to a specified office or post
origin: mid 17th century (as an adjective): from Latin designatus
'designated', past participle of designare, based on signum 'a mark'
sentence: He was designated as prime minister.
part of speech: designator  [n.]

2.desolate  [adj.]   /ˈdɛs(ə)lət/  

definition: feeling or showing great unhappiness or loneliness
origin: late Middle English: from Latin desolatus 'abandoned', past
participle of desolare, from de- 'thoroughly' + solus 'alone'
sentence: I suddenly felt desolate and bereft.
part of speech: desolately  [adv.]  desolateness  [n.]
                          desolator  [n.]

3.despicable  [adj.]   /dɪˈspɪkəb(ə)l/

definition: deserving hatred and contempt
origin: mid 16th century: from late Latin despicabilis, from
despicari 'look down on'
sentence: He was drunk and his behavior at the party was
despicable.
part of speech: despicably  [adv.]

4.deter  [v.]  /dɪˈtəː/ 

definition: discourage (someone) from doing something by
instilling doubt or fear of the consequences
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin deterrere, from de- 'away
from' + terrere 'frighten'
sentence: Only a health problem would deter him from seeking re-election.
part of speech: deterrence  [n.]  deterrent  [n.]

5.detest  [v.]   /dɪˈtɛst/

definition: dislike intensely
origin: late 15th century: from Latin detestari, from de- 'down' +
testari 'witness, call upon to witness' (from testis 'a witness')
sentence: She really did detest his mockery.
part of speech: detester  [n.]  detestable  [adj.]

12/18
1.detonate  [v.]   /ˈdɛtəneɪt/
definition: explode or cause to explode
origin: early 18th century: from Latin detonat- 'thundered down or
forth', from the verb detonare, from de- 'down' + tonare 'to thunder'
sentence: Two other bombs failed to detonate.
part of speech: detonative  [adj.]  detonation  [n.]

2.detriment  [n.]   /ˈdɛtrɪm(ə)nt/

definition: the state of being harmed or damaged
origin: late Middle English in the sense 'loss sustained by damage':
from Old French, from Latin detrimentum, from detri-, stem of deterere 'wear away'
sentence: He is engrossed in his work to the detriment of his
married life.
part of speech: detrimental  [adj.]

3.deviant  [n.]  /ˈdiːvɪənt/ 

definition: departing from usual or accepted standards, especially
in social or sexual behaviour
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin deviant- 'turning out of
the way', from the verb deviare 
sentence: He is a sexual deviant.
part of speech: deviate  [v.]  deviation  [n.]

4.devious  [adj.]   /ˈdiːvɪəs/

definition: showing a skilful use of underhand tactics to achieve
goals
origin: late 16th century: from Latin devius (from de- 'away from'
+ via 'way') + -ous. The original sense was 'remote'; the later sense
'departing from the direct route' gave rise to the figurative sense
'deviating from the straight way' and hence 'skilled in underhand
tactics'
sentence: They have devious ways of making money.
part of speech: deviously  [adv.]  deviousness  [n.]

5.devolve  [v.]   /dɪˈvɒlv/

definition: (of duties or responsibility) pass to (a body or person at
a lower level)
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'roll down'): from Latin
devolvere, from de- 'down' + volvere 'to roll'
sentence: His duties devolved on a comrade.
part of speech: devolvement  [n.]

12/19

1.dexterous  [adj.]   /ˈdɛkst(ə)rəs/
definition: showing or having skill, especially with the hands
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'mentally adroit'): from
Latin dexter 'on the right' + -ous
sentence: His fingers are very dexterous in carving figures out of
wood.
part of speech: dexterously  [adv.]  dexterousness  [n.]

2.diffuse  [v.]   /dɪˈfjuːz/

definition: spread over a wide area or between a large number of
people
origin: late Middle English: from Latin diffus- 'poured out', from
the verb diffundere, from dis- 'away' + fundere 'pour'; the adjective
via French diffus or Latin diffusus 'extensive', from diffundere
sentence: The problem is how to diffuse power without creating
anarchy.
part of speech: diffusely  [adv.]  diffuseness  [n.]

3.dilapidation  [n.]   /dɪˌlapɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/

definition: the state or process of falling into decay or being in
disrepair
origin: late Middle English (also in the sense 'squandering, waste'):
from late Latin dilapidatio(n-), from Latin dilapidare 'demolish,
squander' 
sentence: Those poor people live in a dilapidated house with holes
in the roof and broken windows.
part of speech: dilapidated  [adj.]  dilapidate  [n.]

4.dilute  [v.]   /dʌɪˈl(j)uːt, dɪ-/

definition: make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or
another solvent to it
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin dilut- 'washed away,
dissolved', from the verb diluere
sentence: Bleach can be diluted with cold water.
part of speech: diluter  [n.]

5.entreat  [v.]   /ɪnˈtriːt, ɛn-/

definition: ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'treat, act towards
(someone)'; formerly also as intreat): from Old French entraitier,
based on traitier 'to treat', from Latin tractare 'to handle'
sentence: His friends entreated him not to go.
part of speech: entreatingly  [adv.]
                                                                                         



     






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