ponder = question = start to think about
be exempt from = set apart from
third cousins = the grandchildren of two first cousins; also the children of two second cousins.
Words of the days
11/15
1.clammy [adj.] /ˈklami/
definition: unpleasantly damp and sticky or slimy to touch
origin: late Middle English: from dialect clam 'to be sticky or
adhere', of Germanic origin; related to clay
sentence: His skin felt cold and clammy.
part of speech: clammily [adv.] clamminess [n.]
2.clamour [n.] /ˈklamə/
definition: a demand for something made by a lot of people
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin clamor,
from clamare 'cry out'
sentence: The clamour for her resignation grew louder.
part of speech: clamorous [adj.]
3.cleave [v.] /kliːv/
definition: split or sever (something), especially along a natural line
or grain
origin: Old English clēofan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch
klieven and German klieben
sentence: The large chopper his father used to cleave wood for the
fire.
part of speech: cleavable [adj.]
4.cloister [v.] /ˈklɔɪstə/
definition: seclude or shut up in a convent or monastery
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'place of religious seclusion'):
from Old French cloistre, from Latin claustrum, clostrum 'lock, enclosed place', from claudere, 'to close'
sentence: The monastery was where the Brothers would cloister
themselves to meditate.
part of speech: cloistral [adj.]
5.clot [v.] /klɒt/
definition: form or cause to form clots
origin: Old English clott, clot, of Germanic origin; related to
German Klotz
sentence: A blood protein known as factor VIII clots blood.
part of speech: clotted [adj.]
11/18
1.clutter [v.] /ˈklʌtə/
definition: cover or fill (something) with an untidy collection of
things
origin: late Middle English: variant of dialect clotter 'to clot',
influenced by cluster and clatter
sentence: The room was cluttered with his bric-a-brac.
part of speech: cluttered [adj.]
2.cobble [n.] /ˈkɒb(ə)l/
definition: a small round stone used to cover road surfaces
origin: late Middle English: from cob + -le
sentence: A speech cobbled together from papers and lectures.
part of speech: cobbled [adj.]
3.cocky [adj.] /ˈkɒki/
definition: conceited or confident in a bold or cheeky way
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'lecherous'): from cock + -y
sentence: The young boxer won his first fight; now he’s cocky.
part of speech: cockily [adv.] cockiness [n.]
4.coddle [v.] /ˈkɒd(ə)l/
definition: treat (someone) in an indulgent or overprotective way
origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'boil (fruit) gently'): origin
uncertain; sense 1 is probably a dialect variant of obsolete caudle
'administer invalids' gruel', based on Latin caldum 'hot drink', from
calidus 'warm'
sentence: I was coddled and cosseted.
part of speech: coddler [n.]
5.coerce [v.] /kəʊˈəːs/
definition: persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using
force or threats
origin: late Middle English: from Latin coercere 'restrain', from co-
'together' + arcere 'restrain'
sentence: He was coerced into giving evidence.
part of speech: coercer [n.] coercible [adj.] coercion [n.]
definition: unpleasantly damp and sticky or slimy to touch
origin: late Middle English: from dialect clam 'to be sticky or
adhere', of Germanic origin; related to clay
sentence: His skin felt cold and clammy.
part of speech: clammily [adv.] clamminess [n.]
2.clamour [n.] /ˈklamə/
definition: a demand for something made by a lot of people
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin clamor,
from clamare 'cry out'
sentence: The clamour for her resignation grew louder.
part of speech: clamorous [adj.]
3.cleave [v.] /kliːv/
definition: split or sever (something), especially along a natural line
or grain
origin: Old English clēofan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch
klieven and German klieben
sentence: The large chopper his father used to cleave wood for the
fire.
part of speech: cleavable [adj.]
4.cloister [v.] /ˈklɔɪstə/
definition: seclude or shut up in a convent or monastery
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'place of religious seclusion'):
from Old French cloistre, from Latin claustrum, clostrum 'lock, enclosed place', from claudere, 'to close'
sentence: The monastery was where the Brothers would cloister
themselves to meditate.
part of speech: cloistral [adj.]
5.clot [v.] /klɒt/
definition: form or cause to form clots
origin: Old English clott, clot, of Germanic origin; related to
German Klotz
sentence: A blood protein known as factor VIII clots blood.
part of speech: clotted [adj.]
11/18
1.clutter [v.] /ˈklʌtə/
definition: cover or fill (something) with an untidy collection of
things
origin: late Middle English: variant of dialect clotter 'to clot',
influenced by cluster and clatter
sentence: The room was cluttered with his bric-a-brac.
part of speech: cluttered [adj.]
2.cobble [n.] /ˈkɒb(ə)l/
definition: a small round stone used to cover road surfaces
origin: late Middle English: from cob + -le
sentence: A speech cobbled together from papers and lectures.
part of speech: cobbled [adj.]
3.cocky [adj.] /ˈkɒki/
definition: conceited or confident in a bold or cheeky way
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'lecherous'): from cock + -y
sentence: The young boxer won his first fight; now he’s cocky.
part of speech: cockily [adv.] cockiness [n.]
4.coddle [v.] /ˈkɒd(ə)l/
definition: treat (someone) in an indulgent or overprotective way
origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'boil (fruit) gently'): origin
uncertain; sense 1 is probably a dialect variant of obsolete caudle
'administer invalids' gruel', based on Latin caldum 'hot drink', from
calidus 'warm'
sentence: I was coddled and cosseted.
part of speech: coddler [n.]
5.coerce [v.] /kəʊˈəːs/
definition: persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using
force or threats
origin: late Middle English: from Latin coercere 'restrain', from co-
'together' + arcere 'restrain'
sentence: He was coerced into giving evidence.
part of speech: coercer [n.] coercible [adj.] coercion [n.]
11/19
1.cogent [adj.] /ˈkəʊdʒ(ə)nt/
definition: (of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin cogent- 'compelling', from the
verb cogere, from co- 'together' + agere 'drive'
sentence: They put forward cogent arguments for British
membership.
part of speech: cogently [adv.]
2.cohabit [v.] /kəʊˈhabɪt/
definition: live together and have a sexual relationship without
being married
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin cohabitare, from co- 'together'
+ habitare 'dwell'
sentence: An increasing number of couples are cohabiting.
part of speech: cohabitant [n.] cohabitation [n.]
cohabitee [n.] cohabiter [n.]
3.collate [v.] /kəˈleɪt/
definition: collect and combine (texts, information, or data)
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'confer a benefice upon'):
from Latin collat- 'brought together', from the verb conferre
sentence: All the information obtained is being collated.
part of speech: collator [n.]
4.collocate [v.] /ˈkɒləkeɪt/
definition: rare place side by side or in a particular relation
origin: early 16th century (in sense 2 of the verb): from Latin
collocat- 'placed together', from the verb collocare, from col- 'together' + locare 'to place'. sense 1 of the verb dates from the 1950s
sentence: McAndrew was a collocated facility with Argentia
Naval Station.
part of speech: collocation [n.]
5.collude [v.] /kəˈl(j)uːd/
definition: come to a secret understanding; conspire
origin: early 16th century: from Latin colludere 'have a secret
agreement', from col- 'together' + ludere 'to play'
sentence: The president accused his opponents of colluding with
foreigners.
part of speech: colluder [n.] collusion [n.]
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin cogent- 'compelling', from the
verb cogere, from co- 'together' + agere 'drive'
sentence: They put forward cogent arguments for British
membership.
part of speech: cogently [adv.]
2.cohabit [v.] /kəʊˈhabɪt/
definition: live together and have a sexual relationship without
being married
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin cohabitare, from co- 'together'
+ habitare 'dwell'
sentence: An increasing number of couples are cohabiting.
part of speech: cohabitant [n.] cohabitation [n.]
cohabitee [n.] cohabiter [n.]
3.collate [v.] /kəˈleɪt/
definition: collect and combine (texts, information, or data)
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'confer a benefice upon'):
from Latin collat- 'brought together', from the verb conferre
sentence: All the information obtained is being collated.
part of speech: collator [n.]
4.collocate [v.] /ˈkɒləkeɪt/
definition: rare place side by side or in a particular relation
origin: early 16th century (in sense 2 of the verb): from Latin
collocat- 'placed together', from the verb collocare, from col- 'together' + locare 'to place'. sense 1 of the verb dates from the 1950s
sentence: McAndrew was a collocated facility with Argentia
Naval Station.
part of speech: collocation [n.]
5.collude [v.] /kəˈl(j)uːd/
definition: come to a secret understanding; conspire
origin: early 16th century: from Latin colludere 'have a secret
agreement', from col- 'together' + ludere 'to play'
sentence: The president accused his opponents of colluding with
foreigners.
part of speech: colluder [n.] collusion [n.]
11/20
1.candid [adj.] /ˈkandɪd/
definition: truthful and straightforward; frank
origin: mid 17th century (in the Latin sense): from Latin candidus
'white'. Subsequent early senses were 'pure, innocent', 'unbiased', and 'free from malice', hence 'frank' (late 17th century). Compare
with candour
sentence: His responses were remarkably candid.
part of speech: candidly [adv.] candidness [n.]
2.capitulate [v.] /kəˈpɪtjʊleɪt/
definition: cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand;
yield
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'parley, draw up terms'): from French capituler, from medieval Latin capitulare 'draw up under headings', from Latin capitulum, diminutive of caput 'head'
sentence: The patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces.
part of speech: capitulator [n.] capitulation [n.]
3.capricious [adj.] /kəˈprɪʃəs/
definition: given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or
behaviour
origin: early 17th century: from French capricieux, from Italian
sentence: A movie star who was capricious and difficult to please.
part of speech: capriciously [adv.] capriciousness [n.]
4.carjack [v.] /ˈkɑːdʒakɪŋ/
definition: the action of violently stealing an occupied car
origin: 1990s: blend of car and hijacking
sentence: Carjacking is a big worry.
part of speech: carjacker [n.]
5.categorical [adj.] /katɪˈgɒrɪk(ə)l/
definition: unambiguously explicit and direct
origin: late 16th century: from late Latin categoricus (from Greek
katēgorikos, from katēgoria 'statement'
sentence: He made a categorical statement that he did not commit
the crime.
part of speech: categoric [adj.] categorically [adv.]
11/21
1.caustic [adj.] /ˈkɔːstɪk/
definition: sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek kaustikos, from
kaustos 'combustible', from kaiein 'to burn'
sentence: The players were making caustic comments about the
refereeing.
part of speech: caustically [adv.] causticity [n.]
2.caution [n.] /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
definition: care taken to avoid danger or mistakes
origin: Middle English (denoting bail or a guarantee; now chiefly
Scots and US): from Latin cautio(n-), from cavere 'take heed'
sentence: Anyone receiving a suspect package should exercise
extreme caution.
part of speech: cautionary [adj.] cautious [adj.]
3.cavalier [adj.] /ˌkavəˈlɪə/
definition: showing a lack of proper concern; offhand
origin: mid 16th century: from French, from Italian cavaliere,
based on Latin caballus 'horse'. Compare with caballero and
chevalier
sentence: Anne was irritated by his cavalier attitude.
part of speech: cavalierly [adv.]
4.ceramic [n.] /sɪˈramɪk/
definition: pots and other articles made from clay hardened by heat
origin: early 19th century: from Greek keramikos, from keramos
'pottery'
sentence: Many of the painted ceramics are of native manufacture.
part of speech: ceramicist [n.]
5.cervical [adj.] /ˈsəːvɪk(ə)l/
definition: relating to the narrow neck-like passage forming the
lower end of the womb
origin: late 17th century: from French, or from modern Latin
cervicalis, from Latin cervix, cervic- 'neck'
sentence: The woman suspects that she has a cervical cancer.
part of speech: cervix [n.]
definition: truthful and straightforward; frank
origin: mid 17th century (in the Latin sense): from Latin candidus
'white'. Subsequent early senses were 'pure, innocent', 'unbiased', and 'free from malice', hence 'frank' (late 17th century). Compare
with candour
sentence: His responses were remarkably candid.
part of speech: candidly [adv.] candidness [n.]
2.capitulate [v.] /kəˈpɪtjʊleɪt/
definition: cease to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand;
yield
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'parley, draw up terms'): from French capituler, from medieval Latin capitulare 'draw up under headings', from Latin capitulum, diminutive of caput 'head'
sentence: The patriots had to capitulate to the enemy forces.
part of speech: capitulator [n.] capitulation [n.]
3.capricious [adj.] /kəˈprɪʃəs/
definition: given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or
behaviour
origin: early 17th century: from French capricieux, from Italian
sentence: A movie star who was capricious and difficult to please.
part of speech: capriciously [adv.] capriciousness [n.]
4.carjack [v.] /ˈkɑːdʒakɪŋ/
definition: the action of violently stealing an occupied car
origin: 1990s: blend of car and hijacking
sentence: Carjacking is a big worry.
part of speech: carjacker [n.]
5.categorical [adj.] /katɪˈgɒrɪk(ə)l/
definition: unambiguously explicit and direct
origin: late 16th century: from late Latin categoricus (from Greek
katēgorikos, from katēgoria 'statement'
sentence: He made a categorical statement that he did not commit
the crime.
part of speech: categoric [adj.] categorically [adv.]
11/21
1.caustic [adj.] /ˈkɔːstɪk/
definition: sarcastic in a scathing and bitter way
origin: late Middle English: via Latin from Greek kaustikos, from
kaustos 'combustible', from kaiein 'to burn'
sentence: The players were making caustic comments about the
refereeing.
part of speech: caustically [adv.] causticity [n.]
2.caution [n.] /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
definition: care taken to avoid danger or mistakes
origin: Middle English (denoting bail or a guarantee; now chiefly
Scots and US): from Latin cautio(n-), from cavere 'take heed'
sentence: Anyone receiving a suspect package should exercise
extreme caution.
part of speech: cautionary [adj.] cautious [adj.]
3.cavalier [adj.] /ˌkavəˈlɪə/
definition: showing a lack of proper concern; offhand
origin: mid 16th century: from French, from Italian cavaliere,
based on Latin caballus 'horse'. Compare with caballero and
chevalier
sentence: Anne was irritated by his cavalier attitude.
part of speech: cavalierly [adv.]
4.ceramic [n.] /sɪˈramɪk/
definition: pots and other articles made from clay hardened by heat
origin: early 19th century: from Greek keramikos, from keramos
'pottery'
sentence: Many of the painted ceramics are of native manufacture.
part of speech: ceramicist [n.]
5.cervical [adj.] /ˈsəːvɪk(ə)l/
definition: relating to the narrow neck-like passage forming the
lower end of the womb
origin: late 17th century: from French, or from modern Latin
cervicalis, from Latin cervix, cervic- 'neck'
sentence: The woman suspects that she has a cervical cancer.
part of speech: cervix [n.]
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