九月二十日筆記(放假)

Words of the day

9/20

1.chagrin  [v.]   /ˈʃagrɪn/

definition: feel distressed or humiliated

origin: mid 17th century (in the sense 'melancholy'): from French
chagrin (noun), literally 'rough skin, shagreen', chagriner (verb), of unknown origin

sentence: He was chagrined when his friend poured scorn on him.

part of speech: chagrined  [adj.]

2.charisma  [n.]   /kəˈrɪzmə/

definition: compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire
devotion in others 

origin: mid 17th century (in sense 2): via ecclesiastical Latin from
Greek kharisma, from kharis 'favour, grace'

sentence: He has tremendous charisma and stage presence.

part of speech: charismatic  [adj.]

3.charter  [n.]   /ˈtʃɑːtə/

definition: a written grant by the sovereign or legislative power of a
country, by which a body such as a borough, company, or university is created or its rights and privileges defined

origin: Middle English: from Old French chartre, from Latin
chartula, diminutive of charta 'paper'

sentence: The town received a charter from the Emperor.

part of speech: chartered  [adj.]

4.chaste  [adj.]   /tʃeɪst/  

definition: abstaining from extramarital, or from all, sexual
intercourse

origin: Middle English: from Old French, from Latin castus

sentence:  What is required of celibate Catholic clergy is to remain
chaste.

part of speech: chastely  [adv.]  chasteness  [n.]  chastity  [n.]

5.cheeky  [adj.]   /ˈtʃiːki/

definition: impudent or irreverent, typically in an amusing way

origin: Old English cē(a)ce, cēoce 'cheek, jaw', of West Germanic
origin; related to Dutch kaak

sentence: You're getting far too cheeky!

part of speech: cheekily  [adv.]  cheekiness  [n.]

9/23

1.choppy  [adj.]   /ˈtʃɒpi/

definition: (of a sea, lake, or river) having many small waves

origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'full of chaps or clefts'):
from chop + -y

sentence: Sea conditions are often very choppy.

part of speech: choppily  [adv.]  choppiness  [n.]

2.chunk  [n.]  /tʃʌŋk/  

definition: a thick, solid piece of something

origin: late 17th century: apparently an alteration of chuck

sentence: Huge chunks of masonry littered the street.

part of speech: chunky  [adj.]

3.combative  [adj.]   /ˈkɒmbətɪv/

definition: ready or eager to fight or argue

origin: late Middle English (as an adjective used in heraldry to
describe two lions facing one another with raised forepaws): from Old French, present participle of combatre 'to fight' 

sentence: He made some enemies with his combative style.

part of speech: combatively  [adv.]  combativeness  [n.]
                          combatant  [n.]

4.combustible  [adj.]   /kəmˈbʌstɪb(ə)l/

definition: able to catch fire and burn easily

origin: early 16th century: from Old French, from late Latin
combustibilis, from Latin combust- 'burnt up', from the verb
comburere

sentence: Wood and coal are combustible substances.

part of speech: combustibility  [n.]  combustion  [n.]

5.commentate   [v.]   /ˈkɒmənteɪt/

definition: report on an event as it occurs, especially for a news or
sports broadcast; provide a commentary

origin: mid 19th century: back-formation from commentator

sentence: They commentate on live Monday matches.

part of speech: commentator  [n.]

9/24

1.commiserate  [v.]   /kəˈmɪzəreɪt/

definition: express or feel sympathy or pity; sympathize

origin: late 16th century: from Latin commiserat- 'commiserated',
from the verb commiserari, from com- 'with' + miserari 'to lament' (from miser 'wretched') 

sentence: She went over to commiserate with Rose on her
unfortunate circumstances.

part of speech: commiserative  [adj.]  

2.communal  [adj.]   /ˈkɒmjʊn(ə)l

definition: shared by all members of a community; for common use

origin: early 19th century (in the sense 'relating to a commune,
especially the Paris Commune'): from French, from late Latin
communalis, from communis 

sentence: Parks are communal property for all the people to enjoy.

part of speech: communality  [n.]  communally  [adv.]

3.commune  [n.]   /ˈkɒmjuːn/

definition: a group of people living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities

origin: late 17th century in Oxford Dictionaries: from French, from
medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of Latin communis

sentence:  She went to California and joined a commune.

part of speech: communion  [n.]  communiqué   [n.]

4.compatibility  [n.]   /kəmˌpatɪˈbɪlɪti/

definition: a state in which two things are able to exist or occur
together without problems or conflict

origin: late Middle English: from French, from medieval Latin
compatibilis, from compati 'suffer with'

sentence: He argues for the compatibility of science and religion.

part of speech: compatible  [adj.]

5.compile  [v.]   /kəmˈpʌɪl/

definition: produce (a list or book) by assembling information
collected from other sources

origin: Middle English: from Old French compiler or its apparent
source, Latin compilare 'plunder or plagiarize'

sentence: The local authority must compile a list of the names and
addresses of taxpayers.

part of speech: compiler  [n.]

9/25

1.complacency  [n.]   /kəmˈpleɪs(ə)nsi/

definition: a feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself
or one’s achievements

origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin complacentia, from
Latin complacere 'to please'

sentence: The figures are better, but there are no grounds for
complacency.

part of speech: complacent  [adj.]  complacently  [adv.]
                 

2.complicit  [adj.]   /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

definition: involved with others in an activity that is unlawful or
morally wrong

origin: 1940s: back-formation from complicity

sentence: They were complicit in the cover-up.

part of speech: complicity  [n.] 

3.composure  [n.]   /kəmˈpəʊʒə/

definition: the state or feeling of being calm and in control of 
oneself

origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'composing, composition'):
from compose + -ure

sentence: She was struggling to regain her composure.

part of speech: composed  [adj.]

4.compulsive  [adj.]   /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

definition: irresistibly interesting or exciting; compelling

origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'compulsory'): from medieval
Latin compulsivus, from compuls- 'driven, forced', from the verb compellere.

sentence: She has a compulsive need to talk a lot.

part of speech: compulsion  [n.]  compulsively  [adv.]  
                          compulsiveness  [n.]

5.concert  [v.]   /ˈkɒnsət/

definition: arrange (something) by mutual agreement or
coordination

origin: late 16th century (in the sense 'unite'): from French
concerter, from Italian concertare 'harmonize'. The noun use, dating from the early 17th century (in the sense 'a combination of voices or sounds'), is from French concert, from Italian concerto, from
concertare

sentence: They started meeting regularly to concert their
parliamentary tactics.

part of speech: concerted  [adj.]  concerto  [n.]

9/26

1.concoct  [v.]   /kənˈkɒkt/

definition: make (a dish or meal) by combining various ingredients

origin: mid 16th century: from Latin concoct-, literally 'cooked
together', from concoquere. The original sense was 'refine
metals or minerals by heating', later 'cook'

sentence: She began to concoct a dinner likely to appeal to him.

part of speech: concoction  [n.]

2.concur  [v.]   /kənˈkəː/ 

definition: be of the same opinion; agree

origin: late Middle English (also in the senses 'collide' and 'act in
combination'): from Latin concurrere 'run together, assemble in crowds', from con- 'together with' + currere 'to run'

sentence: The authors concurred with the majority.

part of speech: concurrence  [n.]  concurrent  [adj.]  
                          concurrently  [adv.]

3.condescend  [v.]   /kɒndɪˈsɛnd/

definition: show that one feels superior; be patronizing

origin: Middle English (in the sense 'give way, defer'): from Old
French condescendre, from ecclesiastical Latin condescendere, from con- 'together' + descendere 'descend'

sentence: Take care not to condescend to your reader.

part of speech: condescending  [adj.]  condescension  [n.]

4.condone  [v.]   /kənˈdəʊn/

definition: accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or
offensive)

origin: mid 19th century: from Latin condonare 'refrain from
punishing', from con- 'altogether' + donare 'give'

sentence: The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves
illicit drugs.

part of speech: condonation  [n.]  condoner  [n.]

5.conducive  [adj.]   /kənˈdjuːsɪv/

definition: making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible

origin: mid 17th century: from conduce, on the pattern of words
such as conductive

sentence: The harsh lights and cameras were hardly conducive to a
relaxed atmosphere.

part of speech: conduce  [v.]