2014年1月4日 星期六

十一月二十二日筆記

Descriptive Language
When describing a place, writers use words that help the reader "feel" the atmosphere of the place. For exemple, words such as lightbright, and sunny can create a warm, cheerful atmosphere.

Prefix

fore: before                                 pre: before
foresight, forecast, foresee           prediction, prepense, precede                                                     
en: in                                          e: out of
engulf, endanger, encourage        enormous, evacuate, evade                                            
ex: out of edge                            sub: under
extreme, exception, exacerbate    subscribe, subway, subaverage

in: in                                           re: go back, withdraw, again

invader, innate, instinct                retreat, review, rehearsal

anti: against                                cir: around

antique, antianxiety, antitoxic       circuit, circle, circuitous

acq, aqua, aque: water

acqua, aquarium, aquatic 

Root

cap: take
captive, capture, captain, capable

Idiom

be associated with = link to = relate to = connect
be of good cheer = be cheerful

Extension Study

Song: It is the most wonderful time of the year

Words of the day
11/22
1.confide  [v.]   /kənˈfʌɪd/
definition: tell someone about a secret or private matter while
trusting them not to repeat it to others
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'place trust (in')): from
Latin confidere 'have full trust'. The sense 'impart as a secret' dates from the mid 18th century
sentence: He confided his fears to his mother.
part of speech: confidingly  [adv.]

2.confiscate  [v.]   /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

definition: take or seize (someone’s property) with authority
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin confiscat- 'put away in a chest, consigned to the public treasury', from the verb confiscare,
based on con- 'together' + fiscus 'chest, treasury'
sentence: The guards confiscated his camera.
part of speech: confiscator  [n.]  confiscatory  [adj.]

3.congregate  [v.]   /ˈkɒŋgrɪgeɪt/

definition: gather into a crowd or mass
origin: late Middle English: from Latin congregat- 'collected (into a
flock), united', from the verb congregare, from con- 'together' + gregare (from grex, greg- 'a flock')
sentence: Some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border
point.
part of speech: congregation  [n.]  congregational  [adj.]

4.connote  [v.]   /kəˈnəʊt/

definition: (of a word) imply or suggest (an idea or feeling) in
addition to the literal or primary meaning
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin connotare 'mark in
addition', from con- 'together with' + notare 'to note' (from nota 'a mark')
sentence: The term ‘modern science’ usually connotes a complete
openness to empirical testing.
part of speech: connotative  [adj.]

5.conscript  [v.]   /kənˈskrɪpt/

definition: enlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed
services
origin: late 18th century (as a noun): from French conscrit, from
Latin conscriptus, past participle of conscribere 'enrol'. The verb is a back-formation from conscription
sentence: They were conscripted into the army.
part of speech: conscription  [n.]

11/25

1.consecrate  [v.]   /ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt/
definition: make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred;
dedicate formally to a religious purpose
origin: late Middle English: from Latin consecrat- 'dedicated,
devoted as sacred', from the verb consecrare, from con- (expressing intensive force) + sacrare 'dedicate', from sacer 'sacred'
sentence: The present Holy Trinity church was consecrated in
1845.
part of speech: consecration  [n.]  consecrator  [n.] 
                          consecratory  [adj.]

2.consign  [v.]  /kənˈsʌɪn/

definition: deliver (something) to a person’s keeping
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'mark with the sign of the
cross', especially at baptism or confirmation, as a sign of dedication to God): from French consigner or Latin consignare 'mark with a
seal'
sentence: He consigned three paintings to Sotheby’s.
part of speech: consignee  [n.]  consignor  [n.]
                          consignment  [n.]

3.consolidate  [v.]   /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/

definition: make (something) physically stronger or more solid
origin: early 16th century (in the sense 'combine into a whole'):
from Latin consolidare, from con- 'together' + solidare 'make firm' (from solidus 'solid')
sentence: The first phase of the project is to consolidate the outside walls.
part of speech: consolidation  [n.]  consolidator  [n.]

4.conspire  [v.]  /kənˈspʌɪə/

definition: make secret plans jointly to commit an unlawful or
harmful act
origin: late Middle English: from Old French conspirer, from Latin
conspirare 'agree, plot', from con- 'together with' + spirare 'breathe'
sentence: They conspired against him.
part of speech: conspiracy  [n.]  conspirator  [n.]  

5.consternation  [n.]   /kɒnstəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

definition: a feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something
unexpected
origin: early 17th century: from Latin consternatio(n-), from the
verb consternare 'lay prostrate, terrify' 
sentence: To her consternation, her car wouldn’t start.
part of speech: consternate  [v.]

11/26
1.constrain  [v.]   /kənˈstreɪn/
definition: compel or force (someone) to follow a particular course
of action
origin: Middle English: from Old French constraindre, from Latin
constringere 'bind tightly together'
sentence: Children are constrained to work in the way the book
dictates.
part of speech: constrainedly  [adv.]  constraint  [n.]

2.constrict  [v.]   /kənˈstrɪkt/

definition: make narrower, especially by encircling pressure
origin: mid 18th century: from Latin constrict- 'bound tightly
together', from the verb constringere
sentence: Chemicals that constrict the blood vessels.
part of speech: constrictive  [adj.]  constricted  [adj.]
                          constriction  [n.]  

3.construe  [v.]   /kənˈstruː/

definition: interpret (a word or action) in a particular way
origin: late Middle English: from Latin construere (see construct),
in late Latin 'analyse the construction of a sentence'
sentence: His words could hardly be construed as an apology.
part of speech: construable  [adj.]  construal  [n.]

4.consul  [n.]   /ˈkɒns(ə)l/

definition: an official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city
and protect the state’s citizens and interests there
origin: late Middle English (denoting an ancient Roman magistrate): from Latin, related to consulere 'take counsel'
sentence: A consul protects his or her country’s citizens and
business there.
part of speech: consular  [adj.]  consulship  [n.]  consulate  [n.]

5.consummate  [v.]   /ˈkɒns(j)ʊmeɪt/

definition: make (a marriage or relationship) complete by having
sexual intercourse
origin: late Middle English (as an adjective in the sense 'completed,
accomplished'): from Latin consummat- 'brought to completion', from the verb consummare, from con- 'altogether' + summa 'sum
total', feminine of summus 'highest, supreme'
sentence: His first wife refused to consummate their marriage.
part of speech: consummately  [adv.]  consummator  [n.]

11/27
1.contagious  [adj.]   /kənˈteɪdʒəs/
definition: (of a disease) spread from one person or organism to
another, typically by direct contact
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin contagiosus, from
contagio  
sentence: It is a relatively new disease and very contagious.
part of speech: contagiously  [adv.]  contagiousness  [n.]

2.contaminate  [v.]   /kənˈtamɪneɪt/ 

definition: make (something) impure by exposure to or addition of
a poisonous or polluting substance
origin: late Middle English: from Latin contaminat- 'made impure',
from the verb contaminare, from contamen 'contact, pollution', from con- 'together with' + the base of tangere 'to touch'
sentence: The site was found to be contaminated by radioactivity.
part of speech: contaminant  [n.]  contamination  [n.]
                          contaminator  [n.]

3.contempt  [n.]   /kənˈtɛm(p)t/

definition: the feeling that a person or a thing is worthless or                              beneath consideration
origin: late Middle English: from Latin contemptus, from                             contemnere
sentence: Pam stared at the girl with total contempt.
part of speech: contemptible  [adj.]  contemptuous  [adj.]

4.contend  [v.]   /kənˈtɛnd/

definition: struggle to surmount (a difficulty)
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'compete for (something)'):
from Old French contendre or Latin contendere, from con- 'with' + tendere 'stretch, strive'
sentence: She had to contend with his uncertain temper.
part of speech: contender  [n.]

5.contention  [n.]   /kənˈtɛnʃ(ə)n/

definition: heated disagreement
origin: late Middle English: from Latin contentio(n-), from
contendere 'strive with' 
sentence: The captured territory was the main area of contention
between the two countries.
part of speech: contentious  [adj.] 

11/28

1.contingency  [n.]   /kənˈtɪndʒ(ə)nsi/
definition: a future event or circumstance which is possible but
cannot be predicted with certainty
origin: mid 16th century (in the philosophical sense): from late
Latin contingentia (in its medieval Latin sense 'circumstance'), from contingere 'befall'
sentence: A detailed contract which attempts to provide for all
possible contingencies.
part of speech: contingent  [adj.]

2.contort  [v.]   /kənˈtɔːt/

definition: twist or bend out of the normal shape
origin: late Middle English: from Latin contort- 'twisted round,
brandished', from the verb contorquere, from con- 'together' + torquere 'twist'
sentence: A spasm of pain contorted his face.
part of speech: contortion  [n.]

3.contravene  [v.]   /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

definition: offend against the prohibition or order of (a law, treaty, or code of conduct) 
origin: mid 16th century: from late Latin contravenire, from Latin
contra- 'against' + venire 'come'
sentence: He contravened the Official Secrets Act.
part of speech: contravener  [n.]  contravention  [n.]

4.contrive  [v.]   /kənˈtrʌɪv/

definition: create or bring about (an object or a situation) by
deliberate use of skill and artifice
origin: Middle English: from Old French contreuve-, stressed stem
of controver 'imagine, invent', from medieval Latin contropare 'compare'
sentence: His opponents contrived a cabinet crisis.
part of speech: contriver  [n.]  contrived  [adj.]

5.convalesce  [v.]   /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛs/

definition: recover one’s health and strength over a period of time
after an illness or medical treatment
origin: late 15th century: from Latin convalescere, from con-
'altogether' + valescere 'grow strong'
sentence: He spent eight months convalescing after the stroke.
part of speech: convalescence  [n.]  convalescent  [adj.]



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