2014年1月4日 星期六

十月二十五日筆記

Analogy
When writers explain difficult or unusual ideas, they often choose
an exemple that is already familiar to the reader and compare the
new idea to the familiar one.
For exemple:
Comparing the heart to a water pump in order to explain the process of how the heart pumps blood through the body, which is
just like the process of pumping water.

Vocabulary

default = remove from sth.
incorporate = include sth.
perceive = notice or become aware of sth.
loft = flat
freeze = do not move

Root

de: down, away from                  dia: through
departure, default, degrade         diagnosis, dialectic, diagram

syn: together                                  neuro: about brain, mind
synesthesia, synchrony, synopsis   neurological, neurobiology, neurotic

Synonym
turn red = flush = blush

Antonym

conservative; creative


Words of the day
10/25
1.abhor  [v.]   /əbˈhɔː/
definition: regard with disgust and hatred
origin: late Middle English: from Latin abhorrere, from ab- 'away
from' + horrere 'to shudder'
sentence: He abhorred sexism in every form.
part of speech: abhorrer  [n.]

2.abide  [v.]   /əˈbʌɪd/

definition: accept or act in accordance with (a rule, decision, or
recommendation)
origin: Old English ābīdan 'wait', from ā- 'onwards' + bīdan
sentence: I said I would abide by their decision
part of speech: abidance  [n.]

3.abject  [adj.]   /ˈabdʒɛkt/

definition: (of something bad) experienced or present to the
maximum degree
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'rejected'): from Latin
abjectus, past participle of abicere 'reject', from ab- 'away' + jacere
'to throw'
sentence: His letter plunged her into abject misery.
part of speech: abjection  [n.]  abjectly  [adv.]  abjectness  [n.]

4.ablative  [adj.]   /ˈablətɪv/

definition: (of surgical treatment) involving ablation
origin: late Middle English: from Old French ablative (feminine of
ablatif), Latin ablativus, from ablat- 'taken away'
sentence: All nine patients were treated by ablative surgery.
part of speech: ablation  [n.]

5.abominable  [adj.]   /əˈbɒm(ə)nəb(ə)l/

definition: causing moral revulsion
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin abominabilis,
from abominari (see abominate). The term was once widely believed to be from ab- 'away from' + Latin homine (from homo
'human being'), thus 'inhuman, beastly', and frequently spelled
abhominable until the 17th century
sentence: The uprising was suppressed with abominable cruelty.
part of speech: abominably  [adv.]  abominate  [adj.]
                          abomination  [n.]

10/28

1.abort  [v.]   /əˈbɔːt/
definition: carry out or undergo the abortion of (a fetus)
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin aboriri 'miscarry', from ab-'away, from' + oriri 'be born' 
sentence: Louisiana allows women to abort an embryo up to 12
weeks old. 
part of speech: abortion  [n.]  abortifacient  [adj.]
                          abortive  [adj.]

2.abrasive  [adj.]   /əˈbreɪsɪv/

definition: (of a substance or material) capable of polishing or
cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding
origin: mid 19th century (as a noun): from Latin abras- 'abraded',
from the verb abradere (see abrade), + -ive
sentence: The wood should be rubbed down with fine abrasive
paper.
part of speech: abrasively  [adv.]  abrasiveness  [n.]

3.abreact  [v.]   /ˌabrɪˈakt/

definition: release (an emotion) by abreaction
origin: early 20th century: back-formation from abreaction
sentence: They were unable fully to abreact their responses to the
trauma.
part of speech: abreaction  [n.]

4.abscond  [v.]   /əbˈskɒnd, ab-/

definition: leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from
custody or avoid arrest
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'hide, conceal oneself'): from
Latin abscondere 'hide', from ab- 'away, from' + condere 'stow'
sentence: The barman absconded with a week’s takings.
part of speech: absconder  [n.]

5.abstain  [v.]   /əbˈsteɪn/

definition: restrain oneself from doing or enjoying something
origin: late Middle English: from Old French abstenir, from Latin
abstinere, from ab- 'from' + tenere 'hold' 
sentence: She intends to abstain from sex before marriage.
part of speech: abstainer  [n.]

10/29
1.abstention  [n.]   /əbˈstɛnʃ(ə)n/
definition: an instance of declining to vote for or against a proposal
or motion
origin: early 16th century (denoting the action of keeping back or
restraining): from late Latin abstentio(n-), from the verb abstinere
sentence: a resolution passed by 126 votes to none, with six                              abstentions
part of speech: abstentionism  [n.]

2.abuse  [v.]   /əˈbjuːz/   

definition: use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose;
misuse  
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin abus-
'misused', from the verb abuti, from ab- 'away' (i.e. 'wrongly') + uti 'to use' 
sentence: The judge abused his power by imposing the fines. 
part of speech: abuser  [n.]  abusive  [adj.] 

3.abysmal  [adj.]   /əˈbɪzm(ə)l/

definition: informal extremely bad; appalling
origin: mid 17th century (used literally as in sense 2): from abysm
sense 1 dates from the early 19th century
sentence: The quality of her work is abysmal.
part of speech: abysmally  [adv.]

4.acclimate  [v.]   /ˈaklɪmeɪt/

definition: Biology respond physiologically or behaviourally to a
change in a single environmental factor
origin: late 18th century: from French acclimater, from a- (from
Latin ad 'to, at') + climat 'climate'
sentence: Trees may acclimate to high CO2 levels by reducing the
number of stomata.
part of speech: acclimation  [n.]

5.accredit  [v.]   /əˈkrɛdɪt/

definition: give credit to (someone) for something
origin: early 17th century (in sense 2): from French accréditer, from a- (from Latin ad 'to, at') + crédit 'credit'
sentence: He was accredited with being one of the world’s fastest
sprinters.
part of speech: accreditation  [n.]  accreditor  [n.]

10/30
1.acquit  [v.]  /əˈkwɪt/
definition: free (someone) from a criminal charge by a verdict of
not guilty
origin: Middle English (originally in the sense 'pay a debt, discharge a liability'): from Old French acquiter, from medieval
Latin acquitare 'pay a debt', from ad- 'to' + quitare 'set free'
sentence: She was acquitted on all counts.
part of speech: acquittal  [adj.]

2.adamant  [adj.]   /ˈadəm(ə)nt/

definition: refusing to be persuaded or to change one’s mind
origin: Old English (as a noun), from Old French adamaunt-, via
Latin from Greek adamas, adamant-, 'untameable, invincible' (later
used to denote the hardest metal or stone, hence diamond), from a-
'not' + daman 'to tame'. The phrase to be adamant dates from the
1930s, although adjectival use had been implied in such collocations as ‘an adamant heart’ since the 16th century
sentence: He is adamant that he is not going to resign.
part of speech: adamance  [n.]  adamancy  [n.]
                          adamantly  [adv.]

3.adept  [adj.]  /əˈdɛpt, ˈadɛpt/

definition: very skilled or proficient at something 
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin adeptus 'achieved', past
participle of adipisci 'obtain, attain'
sentence: She is adept at cutting through red tape.
part of speech: adeptly  [adv.]  adeptness  [n.]

4.adherent  [adj.]   /ədˈhɪər(ə)nt/

definition: sticking fast to an object or surface
origin: late Middle English: from Old French adherent, from Latin
adhaerent- 'sticking to', from the verb adhaerere
sentence: He was a strong adherent of monetarism.
part of speech: adherence  [n.]

5.adjacent  [adj.]   /əˈdʒeɪs(ə)nt/

definition: next to or adjoining something else
origin: late Middle English: from Latin adjacent- 'lying near to',
from adjacere, from ad- 'to' + jacere 'lie down'
sentence: The area adjacent to the station.
part of speech: adjacency  [n.]

10/31

1.adjourn  [v.]   /əˈdʒəːn/
definition: break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the
intention of resuming it later
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'summon someone to appear
on a particular day'): from Old French ajorner, from the phrase a
jorn (nome) 'to an (appointed) day'
sentence: The meeting was adjourned until December 4.
part of speech: adjournment  [n.]

2.admonish  [v.]   /ədˈmɒnɪʃ/

definition: reprimand firmly
origin: Middle English amonest 'urge, exhort', from Old French
amonester, based on Latin admonere 'urge by warning'. Later, the
final -t of amonest was taken to indicate the past tense, and the
present tense changed on the pattern of verbs such as abolish; the
prefix became ad- in the 16th century by association with the Latin
form
sentence: She admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven.
part of speech: admonishment  [n.]  admonition  [n.]

3.adorn  [v.]  /əˈdɔːn/

definition: make more beautiful or attractive
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin adornare,
from ad- 'to' + ornare 'deck, add lustre'
sentence: Pictures and prints adorned his walls.
part of speech: adorner  [n.]  adornment  [n.]

4.adrift  [adj.]   /əˈdrɪft/

definition: (of a boat or its passengers) floating without being either
moored or steered
origin: late 16th century: from a- 'on, in' + drift
sentence: A cargo ship went adrift.
part of speech: adrift  [adv.]

5.adulterate  [v.]   /əˈdʌltəreɪt/

definition: render (something) poorer in quality by adding another
substance
origin: early 16th century (as an adjective): from Latin adulterat-
'corrupted', from the verb adulterare
sentence: The brewer is said to adulterate his beer.
part of speech: adulteration  [n.]  adulterator  [n.]

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