2014年1月4日 星期六

十一月八日筆記(期中考)

Words of the day
11/8
1.apparent  [adj.]   /əˈpar(ə)nt/
definition: clearly visible or understood; obvious
origin: late Middle English: from Old French aparant, from Latin
apparent- 'appearing', from the verb apparere
sentence: For no apparent reason she laughed.
part of speech: apparently  [adv.]

2.appoint  [v.]   /əˈpɔɪnt/

definition: assign a job or role to (someone)
origin: late Middle English: from Old French apointer, from a point
'to a point'
sentence: She has been appointed to the board. 
part of speech: appointee  [n.]  appointer  [n.]  appointed  [adj.]
                          appointive  [adj.]  appointment  [n.] 

3.apt  [adj.]   /apt/

definition: appropriate or suitable in the circumstances
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'suited, appropriate'): from
Latin aptus 'fitted', past participle of apere 'fasten'
sentence: The theme could not be more apt.
part of speech: aptly  [adv.]

4.arbitrary  [adj.]  

definition: based on random choice or personal whim, rather than
any reason or system
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'dependent on one's will or
pleasure, discretionary'): from Latin arbitrarius, from arbiter 'judge, supreme ruler', perhaps influenced by French arbitraire
sentence: The choice of players for the team seemed completely
arbitrary.
part of speech: arbitrarily  [adv.]  arbitrariness  [n.]

5.ardent  [adj.]   /ˈɑːd(ə)nt/

definition: very enthusiastic or passionate
origin: Middle English: from Old French ardant from Latin ardens,
ardent-, from ardere 'to burn'
sentence: He is an ardent teacher.
part of speech: ardently  [adv.]

11/11

1.assert  [v.]   /əˈsəːt/
definition: state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
origin: early 17th century: from Latin asserere 'claim, affirm', from
d- 'to' + serere 'to join'
sentence: The company asserts that the cuts will not affect
development.
part of speech: assertable  [adj.]  asserter  [n.]

2.attain  [v.]   /əˈteɪn/

definition: succeed in achieving (something that one has worked
for)
origin: Middle English (in the senses 'bring to justice' and 'reach a
state'): from Old French ateindre, from Latin attingere, from ad- 'at, to' + tangere 'to touch'
sentence: He attained the rank of Brigadier.
part of speech: attainable  [adj.]  attainder  [n.]  attainment  [n.]

3.attribute  [v.]   /əˈtrɪbjuːt/

definition: regard something as being caused by
origin: late 15th century: the noun from Old French attribut; the
verb from Latin attribut- 'allotted': both from the verb attribuere, from ad- 'to' + tribuere 'assign'
sentence: He attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the
managing director.
part of speech: attributable  [adj.]  attribution  [n.]
                          attributional  [adj.]

4.avert  [v.]   /əˈvəːt/

definition: turn away (one’s eyes or thoughts)
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'divert or deter someone
from a place or a course of action'): from Latin avertere, from ab- 'from' + vertere 'to turn'; reinforced by Old French avertir
sentence: She averted her eyes while we made stilted conversation.
part of speech: avertable  [adj.]

5.avid  [adj.]   /ˈavɪd/

definition: having an eager desire for
origin: mid 18th century: from French avide or Latin avidus, from
avere 'crave'
sentence: She was avid for information about the murder inquiry.
part of speech: avidly  [adv.]

11/12
1.banish  [v.]   /ˈbanɪʃ/
definition: get rid of (something unwanted)
origin: late Middle English: from Old French baniss-, lengthened
stem of banir; ultimately of Germanic origin and related to ban
sentence: All thoughts of romance were banished from her head.
part of speech: banishment  [n.]

2.behold  [v.]   /bɪˈhəʊld/

definition: see or observe (someone or something, especially of
remarkable or impressive nature)
origin: Old English bihaldan, from bi- 'thoroughly' + haldan 'to
hold'. Parallel Germanic words have the sense 'maintain, retain'; the notion of 'looking' is found only in English
sentence: The botanical gardens were a wonder to behold.
part of speech: beholder  [n.]

3.bizarre  [adj.]   /bɪˈzɑː/

definition: very strange or unusual
origin: mid 17th century: from French, from Italian bizzarro 'angry', of unknown origin 
sentence: His behaviour became more and more bizarre.
part of speech: bizarrely  [adv.]  bizarreness  [n.]

4.bleach  [v.]   /bliːtʃ/

definition: deprive of vitality or substance
origin: Old English blǣcan (verb), blǣce (noun), from blǣc 'pale',
of Germanic origin; related to bleak
sentence: His contributions to the album are bleached of
personality.
part of speech: bleacher  [n.]  bleachable  [adj.]  bleachery  [n.]
                          bleaching  [adj.]

5.bleak  [adj.]   /bliːk/

definition:  (of a situation) not hopeful or encouraging; unlikely to
have a favourable outcome
origin: Old English blāc 'shining, white', or in later use fromsyn
onymous Old Norse bleikr; ultimately of Germanic origin and
related to bleach 
sentence: He paints a bleak picture of a company that has lost its
way.
part of speech: bleakly  [adv.]  bleakness  [n.]

11/13
1.blunder  [n.]   /ˈblʌndə/
definition: a stupid or careless mistake
origin: Middle English: probably of Scandinavian origin and related
to blind
sentence: She stopped, finally aware of the terrible blunder she had
made.
part of speech: blunderer  [n.]  blunderingly  [adv.]

2.blunt  [v.]   /blʌnt/

definition: weaken or reduce the force of (something) 
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'dull, insensitive'): perhaps of
Scandinavian origin and related to Old Norse blunda 'shut the eyes'
sentence: Their determination had been blunted.
part of speech: bluntly  [adv.]  bluntness  [n.]

3.blur  [adj.]   /bləː/

definition: make or become unclear or less distinct
origin: mid 16th century (in the sense 'smear that partially obscures
something'): perhaps related to blear
sentence: His novels blur the boundaries between criticism and
fiction.
part of speech: blurry  [adj.]

4.brawl  [v.]   /brɔːl/

definition: fight or quarrel in a rough or noisy way 
origin: late Middle English: perhaps ultimately imitative and
related to bray
sentence: He ended up brawling with a lout outside his house.
part of speech: brawler  [n.]

5.brittle  [adj.]   /ˈbrɪt(ə)l/  

definition: appearing decisive or cheerful but unstable or nervous
within
origin: late Middle English, ultimately of Germanic origin and
related to Old English brēotan 'break up'
sentence: Her manner was artificially bright and brittle.
part of speech: brittlely  [adv.]  brittleness  [n.]

11/14

1.celestial  [adj.]   /sɪˈlɛstɪəl/
definition: positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as
observed in astronomy
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from medieval Latin
caelestialis, from Latin caelestis, from caelum 'heaven'
sentence: The book is about the celestial mechanics.
part of speech: celestially  [adv.]

2.cement  [v.]   /sɪˈmɛnt/

definition: figurative a factor or element that unites a group of
people 
origin: Middle English: from Old French ciment (noun), cimenter
(verb), from Latin caementum 'quarry stone', from caedere
'hew'
sentence: Trust is the cement that holds organizations together.
part of speech: cementer  [n.]

3.chronic  [adj.]   /ˈkrɒnɪk/

definition:  (of a problem) long-lasting
origin: late Middle English: from French chronique, via Latin from
Greek khronikos 'of time', from khronos 'time'
sentence: The school suffers from chronic overcrowding.
part of speech: chronically  [adv.]  chronicity  [n.]

4.chubby  [adj.]   /ˈtʃʌbi/

definition: plump and rounded
origin: early 17th century (in the sense 'short and thickset, like a
chub'): from chub
sentence: She was eleven years old and pretty in a chubby sort of
way.
part of speech: chubbily  [adv.]  chubbiness  [n.]

5.circuitous  [adj.]   /səːˈkjuːɪtəs/

definition: (of a route or journey) longer than the most direct way
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin circuitosus, from
circuitus 'a way around'
sentence: The canal followed a circuitous route.
part of speech: circuitously  [adv.]  circuitousness  [n.]

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