2014年1月4日 星期六

十一月一日筆記

Compare/Contrast
compare = similarity   
contrast = difference
Signal words:
comparison: similar to, like, similarly, likewise, in the same way
contrast: but, different from, unlike, in contrast, however, on the other hand 
Grammar pattern:
comparison: as...as..., the same...as..., both...and..., not only...but also...
contrast: more(or -er)...than, not as...as..., less/fewer...than...

Root
mini: very small or short, compared with others of the same kind
mini-bar, miniature, minimum

com: with, together

compact, complement, combination

quadri, quadru, quadr: four, four times

quadrilateral, quadruped, quadruple

co: together

cooperation, coordinate, coworker

ob: toward, against, across, down

obese, obey, object

inter-: cross

interact, internal, interpret

ac-: in addition to

accompany, accomplish, accomplice

Prefix
dis: opposite, negative
disapprove, dishonesty, disgust

ability: the state of being able to do something

inability, capability, acceptability

Words of the day
11/1
1.affiliate  [v.]   /əˈfɪlɪeɪt/
definition: officially attach or connect (a subsidiary group or a
person) to an organization
origin: mid 18th century: from medieval Latin affiliat- 'adopted as
a son', from the verb affiliare, from ad- 'towards' + filius 'son'
sentence: They are national associations affiliated to larger
organizations.
part of speech: affiliative  [adj.]  affiliation  [n.]

2.afflict  [v.]   /əˈflɪkt/

definition: (of a problem or illness) cause pain or trouble to; affect
adversely
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'deject, humiliate'): from
Latin afflictare 'knock about, harass', or from afflict- 'knocked
down, weakened': both from the verb affligere, from ad- 'to' + fligere 'to strike, dash'
sentence: His younger child was afflicted with a skin disease.
part of speech: afflictive  [adj.]  affliction  [n.]

3.aggravate  [v.]   /ˈagrəveɪt/

definition: make (a problem, injury, or offence) worse or more
serious
origin: mid 16th century: from Latin aggravat- 'made heavy', from
the verb aggravare, from ad- (expressing increase) + gravis 'heavy'
sentence: Military action would only aggravate the situation.
part of speech: aggravatingly  [adv.]  aggravation  [n.]
                          aggravating  [adj.]

4.aggrieved  [adj.]   /əˈgriːvd/

definition: feeling resentment at having been unfairly treated
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'distressed'): past participle of
aggrieve, from Old French agrever 'make heavier', based on Latin
aggravare
sentence: They were aggrieved at the outcome.
part of speech: aggrievedly  [adv.]

5.aghast  [adj.]   /əˈgɑːst/

definition: filled with horror or shock
origin: late Middle English: past participle of the obsolete verb
agast, gast 'frighten', from Old English gǣsten. The spelling with gh (originally Scots) became general by about 1700, probably
influenced by ghost; compare with ghastly
sentence: She winced, aghast at his cruelty.

11/4
1.agile  [adj.]   /ˈadʒʌɪl/ 
definition: able to move quickly and easily
origin: late Middle English: via French from Latin agilis, from
agere 'do'
sentence: Ruth was as agile as a monkey.
part of speech: agilely  [adv.]   agility  [n.]

2.agitate  [v.]   /ˈadʒɪteɪt/

definition: make (someone) troubled or nervous
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'drive away'): from Latin
agitat- 'agitated, driven', from agitare, frequentative of agere 'do,
drive'
sentence: The thought of questioning Toby agitated him extremely.
part of speech: agitation  [n.]  agitated  [adj.]  agitator  [n.]

3.agonize  [v.]   /ˈagənʌɪz/

definition: undergo great mental anguish through worrying about
something
origin: late 16th century: from French agoniser or late Latin
agonizare, from Greek agōnizesthai 'contend', from agōn 'contest'
sentence: I didn’t agonize over the problem.
part of speech: agonized  [adj.]  agonizing  [adj.]  agony  [n.]

4.align  [v.]   /əˈlʌɪn/

definition: place or arrange (things) in a straight line
origin: late 17th century: from French aligner, from à ligne 'into
line'
sentence: The desks are aligned in straight rows facing forwards.
part of speech: alignment  [n.]

5.allege  [v.]   /əˈlɛdʒ/

definition: claim or assert that someone has done something illegal
or wrong, typically without proof
origin: Middle English (in the sense 'declare on oath'): from Old
French esligier, based on Latin lis, lit- 'lawsuit'; confused in sense with Latin allegare 'allege'
sentence: He alleged that he had been assaulted.
part of speech: allegation  [n.]  alleged  [adj.]  allegedly  [adv.]

11/5
1.alleviate  [v.]   /əˈliːvɪeɪt/
definition: make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin alleviat- 'lightened',
from the verb alleviare, from Latin allevare, from ad- 'to' + levare 'raise', influenced by levis 'light'
sentence: He couldn’t prevent her pain, only alleviate it.
part of speech: alleviation  [n.]  alleviative  [adj.]  alleviator  [n.]

2.allocate  [v.]   /ˈaləkeɪt/

definition: distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose
origin: mid 17th century: from medieval Latin allocat- 'allotted',
from the verb allocare, from ad- 'to' + locare
sentence: In past years we didn’t allocate enough funds to
infrastructure maintenance.
part of speech: allocable  [adj.]  allocator  [n.]  allocation  [n.]

3.allot  [v.]   /əˈlɒt/

definition: give or apportion (something) to someone
origin: late 15th century: from Old French aloter, from a- (from
Latin ad 'to') + loter 'divide into lots'
sentence: I was allotted a little room in the servant’s block.
part of speech: allotted  [adj.]  allotment  [n.]  

4.allure  [n.]   /əˈljʊə/

definition: the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously
attractive or fascinating
origin: late Middle English (in the sense 'tempt, entice'): from Old
French aleurier 'attract', from a- (from Latin ad 'to') + luere 'a lure' (originally a falconry term)
sentence: People for whom gold holds no allure.
part of speech: allurement  [n.]  alluring  [adj.]

5.alternate  [v.]   /ˈɔːltəneɪt/

definition: occur in turn repeatedly
origin: early 16th century (earlier (late Middle English) as
alternation): from Latin alternat- 'done by turns', from alternare,
from alternus 'every other', from alter 'other' 
sentence: Bouts of depression alternate with periods of elation.
part of speech: alternately  [adv.]  alternation  [n.]

11/6
1.altruism  [n.]   /ˈaltrʊɪz(ə)m/
definition: disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of
others 
origin: mid 19th century: from French altruisme, from Italian altrui
'somebody else', from Latin alteri huic 'to this other' 
sentence: Some may choose to work with vulnerable elderly people
out of altruism.
part of speech: altruist  [n.]  altruistic  [adj.]

2.ambiguous  [adj.]   /amˈbɪgjʊəs/

definition: open to more than one interpretation; not having one
obvious meaning
origin: early 16th century (in the sense 'indistinct, obscure'): from
Latin ambiguus 'doubtful' (from ambigere 'waver, go around', from
ambi- 'both ways' + agere 'to drive') + -ous
sentence: The election result was ambiguous.
part of speech: ambiguously  [adv.]  ambiguousness  [n.]

3.ambitious  [adj.]   /amˈbɪʃəs/

definition: having or showing a strong desire and determination to
succeed
origin: late Middle English: from Old French ambitieux or Latin
ambitiosus, from ambitio 
sentence: She is a ruthlessly ambitious woman.
part of speech: ambitiously  [adv.]  ambitiousness  [n.]

4.amend  [v.]   /əˈmɛnd/

definition: make minor changes to (a text, piece of legislation, etc.)
in order to make it fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing circumstances
origin: Middle English: from Old French amender, based on Latin
emendare
sentence: The rule was amended to apply only to non-members.
part of speech: amendable  [adj.]  amender  [n.]

5.ancillary  [adj.]   /anˈsɪləri/

definition: in addition to something else, but not as important
origin: mid 17th century: from Latin ancillaris, from ancilla
'maidservant'
sentence: Paragraph 19 was merely ancillary to paragraph 16.
part of speech: ancilla  [n.]

11/7

1.annihilate  [v.]   /əˈnʌɪɪleɪt/
definition: destroy utterly; obliterate
origin: late Middle English (originally as an adjective meaning
'destroyed, annulled'): from late Latin annihilatus 'reduced to nothing', from the verb annihilare, from ad- 'to' + nihil 'nothing'. The sense 'destroy utterly' dates from the mid 16th century
sentence: A simple bomb of this type could annihilate them all.
part of speech: annihilator  [n.]  annihilation  [n.]
                          annihilability  [n.]  annihilable  [adj.]
                          annihilative  [adj]

2.anguish   [n.]   /ˈaŋgwɪʃ/

definition: severe mental or physical pain or suffering
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin angustia
'tightness', (plural) 'straits, distress', from angustus 'narrow'
sentence: She shut her eyes in anguish.
part of speech: anguished  [adj.]

3.antagonize  [v.]   /anˈtag(ə)nʌɪz/

definition: cause (someone) to become hostile
origin: mid 18th century (in the sense 'struggle against'): from Greek antagōnizesthai, from ant- 'against' + agōnizesthai 'struggle'
sentence: The aim was to antagonize visiting supporters.
part of speech: antagonism  [n.]  antagonist  [n.]  
                          antagonistic  [adj.]

4.anonymous   [adj.]   /əˈnɒnɪməs/

definition: (of a person) not identified by name; of unknown name
origin: late 16th century: via late Latin from Greek anōnumos
'nameless' (from an- 'without' + onoma 'name') + -ous
sentence: The donor’s wish to remain anonymous.
part of speech: anonymously  [adv.]

5.apathetic  [adj.]   /apəˈθɛtɪk/  

definition: showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern
origin: mid 18th century: from apathy, on the pattern of pathetic
sentence: The illness made her apathetic and unwilling to meet people. 
part of speech: apathetically  [adv.]






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